Harmful biological contaminants are treated using plasma fields. The inventive techniques offer improved results over existing devices and methods.

The present invention relates to an electrolyzed water manufacturing device for producing hypochlorous acid water containing hypochlorous acid using hydrochloric acid as an electrolyte, comprising: a hydrochloric acid container for storing the hydrochloric acid as the electrolyte; an electrolytic bath which is connected to the hydrochloric acid container, includes an electrode, and produces slightly weak acidic hypochlorous acid water containing a high-density chlorine solution through electrolysis of the hydrochloric acid; a hydrochloric acid supply pump provided between the hydrochloric acid container and the electrolytic bath so as to supply the hydrochloric acid to the electrolytic bath; and a venturi pipe which is connected to an upper part of the electrolytic bath, is formed between an inlet and an outlet through which dilution water passes, includes a neck part having a smaller pipe diameter in comparison with the inlet and the outlet, and an extraction pipe for connecting the neck part and the electrolytic bath, such that the high-density chlorine solution generated from the electrolytic bath is aspirated through the reduction of the pressure generated from the neck part when the dilution water passes through, and the aspirated high-density chlorine solution is diluted using the dilution solution and the diluted high-density chlorine solution is discharged. The apparatus for producing slightly weak acidic hypochlorous acid water, according to the present invention further, comprises: a discharging pipe connected to the outlet of the venturi pipe; and a screw blade which is inserted into the discharging pipe and accelerates the contact reaction between the high-density chlorine solution discharged from the non-diaphragm type electrolytic bath and the dilution water, wherein the screw blade is preferably composed of flexible plastic material.

An aqueous ozone sanitizing device, for example, for sanitizing objects, including hands, hands and forearms, feet, other tissue, instruments, or other object sanitizing, including rinsing and clinical treatment. One embodiment of the sanitizing device includes a tank for holding a reservoir of untreated water, a pump fluidly coupled to the tank, a water treatment device fluidly coupled to the pump and for receiving and ozonating untreated water and for providing aqueous ozone, and a fluidic oscillator fluidly coupled to the water treatment device and for delivering the aqueous ozone to the object.

Described is a system for generating a disinfectant using water from a local source. The system comprises water from a local source having a set of characteristics; a set of stable minerals and buffers produced in accordance with the set of characteristics of the water; and an electrical device for delivering electricity to the water to produce a desired disinfectant. By adding the minerals and buffers to the water, a user can control at least one chemical property of the desired disinfectant produced using the water from a local source.

The present invention relates to systems and methods for cleaning materials, such as flooring and upholstery. In some cases, the systems and methods use an electrolytic cell to electrolyze a solution comprising sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, sodium percarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and/or any other suitable chemical to generate electrolyzed alkaline water and/or electrolyzed oxidizing water. In some cases, the cell comprises a recirculation loop that recirculates anolyte through an anode compartment of the cell. In some cases, the cell further comprises a sensor and a processor, where the processor is configured to automatically change an operation of the cell, based on a reading from the sensor. In some cases, a fluid flows past a magnet before entering the cell. In some additional cases, fluid from the cell is conditioned by being split into multiple conduits that run in proximity to each other. Additional implementations are described.

The present invention discloses an electrocatalytic Fenton oxidation-electrochemical oxidation coupling process and apparatus for efficient treatment of chemical wastewater, and belongs to the field of sewage treatment. The process includes an electrocatalytic Fenton oxidation step, an electrochemical oxidation step, and a pH adjustment step. A spacing between a cathode and an anode in the electrocatalytic Fenton oxidation step is controlled, so that oxygen produced at the anode reacts at the cathode to produce H.sub.2O.sub.2. The treatment requirements can be met without external aeration or external addition of H.sub.2O.sub.2, and meanwhile, the efficiency of COD removal by electro-Fenton oxidation is effectively improved. Further, by connecting a pH adjusting tank with the electrocatalytic Fenton oxidation-electrochemical oxidation coupling apparatus in series, a coupling treatment process with near-zero production of iron sludge is realized

An oxidation-reduction substance equilibrium potential estimating method is provided, the method including: applying a voltage to an electrode contacting a sample containing an oxidation-reduction substance and sweeping the voltage; measuring a current flowing through the electrode; if an integrated value of the current becomes a value within a reference range, determining whether to sweep the voltage in an opposite direction to a sweep direction in the previous sweeping or to terminate sweeping of the voltage; if it is determined to terminate sweeping of the voltage, estimating an oxidation-reduction substance equilibrium potential at a value of the voltage; and if it is determined to sweep the voltage, sweeping the voltage in an opposite direction to a sweep direction in the previous sweeping.

Water treatment systems are disclosed. The system includes an electrochemical cell having an inlet and an outlet, a cathode comprising a catalytic material for electrochemical generation of persulfate free radicals, and an anode, a source of a persulfate positioned upstream of the electrochemical cell, first contaminant concentration sensor positioned upstream of the electrochemical cell, and a controller operatively coupled to receive one or more input signals from at least the first contaminant concentration sensor. Methods of treating water using the electrochemical cell disclosed herein are disclosed. Methods of facilitating water treatment by providing the electrochemical cell disclosed herein are disclosed. Methods of retrofitting a water treatment system having an AOP by providing the electrochemical cell disclosed herein are disclosed.

The present invention is directed to an anode including bacteria, a polymer, and a conductive material, wherein the bacteria, the polymer and the conductive material are deposited on at least one surface of the anode. Further provided is a microbial electrochemical system comprising the herein disclosed anode, and methods of using the same, such as for treating wastewater, hydrogen production, or generating electricity.

There are provided processes for treating wastewater. The processes can comprise treating a mixture comprising the wastewater and an activated sludge, in a single reactor, with an electric current having a density of less than about 55 A/m.sup.2, by means of at least one anode and at least one cathode that define therebetween an electrical zone for treating the mixture; exposing the mixture to an intermittent ON/OFF electrical exposure mode to the electric current in which an OFF period of time is about 1 to about 10 times longer than an ON period of time; and maintaining an adequate oxidation-reduction potential in the single reactor. Such processes allow for substantial removal of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from the wastewater in the single reactor of various forms and for obtaining another mixture comprising a treated wastewater and solids.