A refractory formulation containing an anhydrous solvent, an oleophilic rheology modifier and a refractory aggregate exhibits non-thermoplastic behavior, and remains plastic and formable at temperatures in the range of 10 degrees Celsius to 180 degrees Celsius. The oleophilic rheology modifier may effectively bind with the solvent to create a gel-like structure with organic solvents with moderate to high polarity. A phyllosilicate clay that has been treated with a quaternary fatty acid amine may be used as the oleophilic rheology modifier.

Provided is a method of producing an integral 3D humic acid-carbon hybrid foam, comprising: (A) forming a solid shape of humic acid-polymer particle mixture; and (B) pyrolyzing the solid shape of humic acid-polymer particle mixture to thermally reduce humic acid into reduced humic acid sheets and thermally convert polymer into pores and carbon or graphite that bonds the reduced humic acid sheets to form the integral 3D humic acid-carbon hybrid foam.

A refractory formulation containing an anhydrous solvent, an oleophilic rheology modifier and a refractory aggregate exhibits non-thermoplastic behavior, and remains plastic and formable at temperatures in the range of 10 degrees Celsius to 180 degrees Celsius. The oleophilic rheology modifier may effectively bind with the solvent to create a gel-like structure with organic solvents with moderate to high polarity. A phyllosilicate clay that has been treated with a quaternary fatty acid amine may be used as the oleophilic rheology modifier.

A refractory formulation containing an anhydrous solvent, an oleophilic rheology modifier and a refractory aggregate exhibits non-thermoplastic behavior, and remains plastic and formable at temperatures in the range of 10 degrees Celsius to 180 degrees Celsius. The oleophilic rheology modifier may effectively bind with the solvent to create a gel-like structure with organic solvents with moderate to high polarity. A phyllosilicate clay that has been treated with a quaternary fatty acid amine may be used as the oleophilic rheology modifier.

In order to provide a negative electrode material for a lithium-ion secondary battery that achieves both of high capacity and rapid charge/discharge performance, a nano-carbon composite is used as the negative electrode material. The nano-carbon composite 7 includes: low-crystallinity carbon 1; a composite in which a mixture of silicon oxide 2 containing silicon nanoparticles 3 and fibrous carbon 4 are partially or entirely coated with a carbon coating 5; and carbon nanohorn aggregates 6 supported on a surface of the composite.

A method of manufacturing essentially crack-free carbon foam structures and carbon foam structures made in single-piece flow through a continuous kiln under inert atmosphere at atmospheric pressure. This process greatly reduces the cost to manufacture by reducing manufacturing time and increasing the ability to integrate automation equipment.

A method of manufacturing essentially crack-free carbon foam structures and carbon foam structures made in single-piece flow through a continuous kiln under inert atmosphere at atmospheric pressure. This process greatly reduces the cost to manufacture by reducing manufacturing time and increasing the ability to integrate automation equipment.

The invention relates to a batch for the production of a carbon bonded product and to a process for the production of a carbon bonded product.