The invention relates to compounds of formula (IW-1) and to their use in treating or preventing an inflammatory disease or a disease associated with an undesirable immune response: wherein R.sup.A, R.sup.B, R.sup.C and R.sup.D are as defined herein.

##STR00001##

The invention relates to compounds of formula (IW-1) and to their use in treating or preventing an inflammatory disease or a disease associated with an undesirable immune response: wherein R.sup.A, R.sup.B, R.sup.C and R.sup.D are as defined herein.

##STR00001##

RhlR modulators including agonist and antagonists which are useful for modulating QS phenotypes in Gram-negative bacteria. Certain compounds of general formula A-W-HG having various carbocyclic ad heterocyclic head groups (HG) and various tail groups (A), where —W— is —CO—NH—, —SO.sub.2—NH—, —CO—NH—CH.sub.2—, or —SO.sub.2—NH—CH.sub.2— are RhlR agonists or antagonists. The compounds are useful in methods of modulating quorum sensing in Gram-negative bacteria, particularly in Pseudomonas. Compositions including certain RhlR modulators are useful for decreasing the virulence of Gram-negative bacteria. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising certain RhlR modulators are useful for treatment of infections of Gram-negative bacteria.

RhlR modulators including agonist and antagonists which are useful for modulating QS phenotypes in Gram-negative bacteria. Certain compounds of general formula A-W-HG having various carbocyclic ad heterocyclic head groups (HG) and various tail groups (A), where —W— is —CO—NH—, —SO.sub.2—NH—, —CO—NH—CH.sub.2—, or —SO.sub.2—NH—CH.sub.2— are RhlR agonists or antagonists. The compounds are useful in methods of modulating quorum sensing in Gram-negative bacteria, particularly in Pseudomonas. Compositions including certain RhlR modulators are useful for decreasing the virulence of Gram-negative bacteria. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising certain RhlR modulators are useful for treatment of infections of Gram-negative bacteria.

This disclosure relates to flavour modification and to compounds of formula (I)

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 is selected from C.sub.2-C.sub.20 alkyl, and C.sub.6-C.sub.25 alkenyl, and a) R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together are —C(O)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2—; or b) R.sup.3 is hydrogen and R.sup.2 is —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2C(O)NHCH.sub.2CH.sub.3,

useful in modifying flavours.

This disclosure relates to flavour modification and to compounds of formula (I)

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 is selected from C.sub.2-C.sub.20 alkyl, and C.sub.6-C.sub.25 alkenyl, and a) R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together are —C(O)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2—; or b) R.sup.3 is hydrogen and R.sup.2 is —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2C(O)NHCH.sub.2CH.sub.3,

useful in modifying flavours.

This disclosure provides methods for intermolecular enantioselective C-acylation of lactams with quaternary stereogenic centers by applying a chiral Ni catalyst. The methods comprise treating a lactam with a chiral Ni catalyst, an aryl nitrile, and an aryl halide.

This disclosure provides methods for intermolecular enantioselective C-acylation of lactams with quaternary stereogenic centers by applying a chiral Ni catalyst. The methods comprise treating a lactam with a chiral Ni catalyst, an aryl nitrile, and an aryl halide.

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods of treating osteroporosis, bone fracture, bone loss, and increasing bone density by administration of compounds of formula (I)

##STR00001##

or compositions comprising a compound of formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein L.sup.1, L.sup.2, L.sup.4, R.sup.1, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, and s are as defined in the specification.

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods of treating osteroporosis, bone fracture, bone loss, and increasing bone density by administration of compounds of formula (I)

##STR00001##

or compositions comprising a compound of formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein L.sup.1, L.sup.2, L.sup.4, R.sup.1, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, and s are as defined in the specification.