The present invention includes a method of inhibiting, suppressing or preventing HBV infection in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of the invention.

An object of the present invention is to provide a compound having strong human S1P.sub.2 antagonistic activity in order to develop a useful medicament for therapy of a S1P.sub.2-mediated disease such as a disease resulting from vascular constriction, fibrosis and respiratory disease. The compound represented by the general formula (I), wherein all the symbols have the same meanings as described in the specification, has a halogen atom or a haloalkyl group and a phenoxy group at certain substitution sites, and thus has strong human S1P.sub.2 antagonistic activity. Therefore, the compound can be a therapeutic agent for a S1P.sub.2-mediated disease, such as a disease resulting from vascular constriction, fibrosis and respiratory disease. ##STR00001##

An object of the present invention is to provide a compound having strong human S1P.sub.2 antagonistic activity in order to develop a useful medicament for therapy of a S1P.sub.2-mediated disease such as a disease resulting from vascular constriction, fibrosis and respiratory disease. The compound represented by the general formula (I), wherein all the symbols have the same meanings as described in the specification, has a halogen atom or a haloalkyl group and a phenoxy group at certain substitution sites, and thus has strong human S1P.sub.2 antagonistic activity. Therefore, the compound can be a therapeutic agent for a S1P.sub.2-mediated disease, such as a disease resulting from vascular constriction, fibrosis and respiratory disease. ##STR00001##

Provided is a small molecule compound as represented by structural formula (I). The product of the present invention in various concentrations and dosages can achieve an obvious change in the growth period of hairs, promoting the growth of the hairs, thus exhibiting an obvious effect of promoting hair growth. In addition, changes in the weight of a mouse in each group are slow, indicating that the test compound does not cause weight loss in an animal.

Provided is a small molecule compound as represented by structural formula (I). The product of the present invention in various concentrations and dosages can achieve an obvious change in the growth period of hairs, promoting the growth of the hairs, thus exhibiting an obvious effect of promoting hair growth. In addition, changes in the weight of a mouse in each group are slow, indicating that the test compound does not cause weight loss in an animal.

The invention provides a method of sustained delivery of a tertiary amine-containing parent drug comprising administering to a patient an effective amount of a prodrug compound of the invention wherein upon administration to the patient, release of the parent drug from the prodrug is sustained release. Prodrug compounds suitable for use in the methods of the invention are labile quaternary ammonium salts of tertiary amine-containing parent drugs (or tertiary imine-containing parent drugs) that are derivatized through aldehyde-linked prodrug moieties that reduce the solubility of the prodrug compound at a reference pH as compared to the parent drug. The physical, chemical and solubility properties of these derivatives can be further modulated by the choice of counterion X.sup.. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a prodrug compound of Formula I: ##STR00001##
where R.sub.1-R.sub.5 are defined in the written description of the invention. The prodrug compounds of the invention can be used to treat any condition for which the tertiary amine-containing parent drug or tertiary imine-containing parent drug is useful as a treatment.

The invention provides a method of sustained delivery of a tertiary amine-containing parent drug comprising administering to a patient an effective amount of a prodrug compound of the invention wherein upon administration to the patient, release of the parent drug from the prodrug is sustained release. Prodrug compounds suitable for use in the methods of the invention are labile quaternary ammonium salts of tertiary amine-containing parent drugs (or tertiary imine-containing parent drugs) that are derivatized through aldehyde-linked prodrug moieties that reduce the solubility of the prodrug compound at a reference pH as compared to the parent drug. The physical, chemical and solubility properties of these derivatives can be further modulated by the choice of counterion X.sup.. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a prodrug compound of Formula I: ##STR00001##
where R.sub.1-R.sub.5 are defined in the written description of the invention. The prodrug compounds of the invention can be used to treat any condition for which the tertiary amine-containing parent drug or tertiary imine-containing parent drug is useful as a treatment.

The present invention relates to inhibitors of 11- hydroxyl steroid dehydrogenase type 1, antagonists of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. The compounds of the invention can be useful in the treatment of various diseases associated with expression or activity of 11- hydroxyl steroid dehydrogenase type 1 and/or diseases associated with aldosterone excess.

The present invention relates to inhibitors of 11- hydroxyl steroid dehydrogenase type 1, antagonists of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. The compounds of the invention can be useful in the treatment of various diseases associated with expression or activity of 11- hydroxyl steroid dehydrogenase type 1 and/or diseases associated with aldosterone excess.

The present invention relates to novel urea derivatives and, more particularly, to novel urea derivatives with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory activity, isomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, their use for the preparation of a medicaments comprising the same, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, a treatment method using the composition, and a method for preparing novel urea derivatives. The novel urea derivatives as selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are effective for the treatment of histone deacetylase-mediated diseases such as malignant tumors, inflammatory diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, neurodegeneration, etc.