The present disclosure concerns use of compounds of formula I, or salts thereof, as reactive matrices for desorption and laser ablation ionization spectrometry. The disclosure further concerns compounds of formula II, or salts thereof, and use of compounds of formula II or III, or salts thereof. ##STR00001##

Described herein are compounds that are farnesoid X receptor agonists, methods of making such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds in the treatment of conditions, diseases, or disorders associated with farnesoid X receptor activity.

Described herein are compounds that are farnesoid X receptor agonists, methods of making such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds in the treatment of conditions, diseases, or disorders associated with farnesoid X receptor activity.

Disclosed herein is a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Also disclosed herein are uses of a compound disclosed herein in the potential treatment or prevention of an IDO-associated disease or disorder. Also disclosed herein are compositions comprising a compound disclosed herein. Further disclosed herein are uses of a composition in the potential treatment or prevention of an 1DO-associated disease or disorder.

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Substituted 4-heteroaryloxypyridines and salts thereof and use thereof as herbicidal active substances Substituted 4-heteroaryloxypyridines of the general formula (I) are described,

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and their use as herbicides, in particular for controlling broad-leaved weeds and/or weed grasses in crops of useful plants and/or as plant growth regulators for influencing the growth of crops of useful plants. The present invention further relates to herbicidal and/or plant growth-regulating compositions comprising one or more compounds of the general formula (I).

Substituted 4-heteroaryloxypyridines and salts thereof and use thereof as herbicidal active substances Substituted 4-heteroaryloxypyridines of the general formula (I) are described,

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and their use as herbicides, in particular for controlling broad-leaved weeds and/or weed grasses in crops of useful plants and/or as plant growth regulators for influencing the growth of crops of useful plants. The present invention further relates to herbicidal and/or plant growth-regulating compositions comprising one or more compounds of the general formula (I).

The present disclosure describes novel compounds and compositions that reduce nicotine mediated cravings in humans. In embodiments, the novel compounds blocking CYP2A6-meditated nicotine metabolism thereby reducing the need for additional nicotine. Leading to a desirable treatment option in reducing nicotine craving which does not exacerbate the sympathetic response rate caused by the abused substance and which has favorable pharmacodynamics effects.

Low-copper click chemistry, 1.3-dipolar cycloadditions, and Staudinger ligations for modifying biomolecules is provided. Compositions, methods, and kits relating to low-copper click chemistry, 1.3-dipolar cycloadditions, and Staudinger ligations are also provided.

Low-copper click chemistry, 1.3-dipolar cycloadditions, and Staudinger ligations for modifying biomolecules is provided. Compositions, methods, and kits relating to low-copper click chemistry, 1.3-dipolar cycloadditions, and Staudinger ligations are also provided.

A photo-decomposable compound, a photoresist composition, and a method of manufacturing an IC device, the compound generating acid upon exposure and acts as a quenching base that neutralizes acid in an unexposed state and being represented by Formula 1:

##STR00001## wherein, in Formula 1, R.sup.a is a C5 to C40 substituted or unsubstituted cyclic hydrocarbon group including at least one nitrogen atom, Y.sup.a is a C1 to C20 divalent linear or cyclic hydrocarbon group, n is an integer of 1 to 5, and A.sup.+ is a counter ion.