The disclosure provides a method for improving hydrogen storage performance of a covalent organic framework compound, including: enabling an aromatic polyamino monomer and an aromatic polyaldehyde monomer to be subjected to dehydration and polycondensation to form the covalent organic framework compound, where the aromatic polyamino monomer and/or the aromatic polyaldehyde monomer contains at least one fluorinated aromatic ring, at least one hydrogen atom on the fluorinated aromatic ring is substituted with fluorine, hydrogen atoms not substituted with fluorine exist on the fluorinated aromatic ring, and the covalent organic framework compound has a two-dimensional or three-dimensional structure.