The present disclosure provides -diketones or analogs thereof, that activate Wnt/-catenin signaling and thus treat or prevent diseases related to signal transduction, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthropathy; osteogenesis imperfecta, bone defects, bone fractures, periodontal disease, otosclerosis, wound healing, craniofacial defects, oncolytic bone disease, traumatic brain injuries or spine injuries, brain atrophy/neurological disorders related to the differentiation and development of the central nervous system, including Parkinson's disease, strokes, ischemic cerebral disease, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia; otic disorders like cochlear hair cell loss; eye diseases such as age related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema or retinitis pigmentosa and diseases related to differentiation and growth of stem cell, such as hair loss, hematopoiesis related diseases and tissue regeneration related diseases.

The present disclosure provides -diketones or analogs thereof, that activate Wnt/-catenin signaling and thus treat or prevent diseases related to signal transduction, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthropathy; osteogenesis imperfecta, bone defects, bone fractures, periodontal disease, otosclerosis, wound healing, craniofacial defects, oncolytic bone disease, traumatic brain injuries or spine injuries, brain atrophy/neurological disorders related to the differentiation and development of the central nervous system, including Parkinson's disease, strokes, ischemic cerebral disease, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia; otic disorders like cochlear hair cell loss; eye diseases such as age related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema or retinitis pigmentosa and diseases related to differentiation and growth of stem cell, such as hair loss, hematopoiesis related diseases and tissue regeneration related diseases.

The present invention relates to a compound of the following formula (I): ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
for use in the prevention or treatment of obsessions and/or compulsions in an individual.

The present invention relates to a compound of the following formula (I): ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
for use in the prevention or treatment of obsessions and/or compulsions in an individual.

The composition contains a compound and a solvent. The compound includes a group represented by formula (1). The compound has a molecular weight of no less than 200 and has a percentage content of carbon atoms of no less than 40% by mass. In the formula (1), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a monovalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 taken together represent a part of an alicyclic structure having 3 to 20 ring atoms constituted together with the carbon atom to which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 bond; Ar.sup.1 represents a group obtained by removing (n+3) hydrogen atoms from an arene or heteroarene having 6 to 20 ring atoms; and X represents an oxygen atom, CR.sup.3R.sup.4, CR.sup.3R.sup.4O or OCR.sup.3R.sup.4.

##STR00001##

It is related to compounds used as autophagy modulators and a method for preparing and using the same, specifically providing a compound of general formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which is a type of autophagy modulators, particularly mammalian ATG8 homologues modulators.

##STR00001##

A method for synthesizing a chiral -hydroxy acid ester compound is disclosed. The method includes the steps of: using an aldehyde compound and a monoalkyl malonate as raw materials, using a metal and a chiral ligand as a catalyst to make the raw materials be directly and fully reacted in an organic solvent and form a reaction solution, and separating and purifying the reaction solution to obtain the highly stereoselective -hydroxy acid ester compound. The beneficial effects are mainly embodied in: 1. simple operation; 2. rapidly constructing a highly stereoselective -hydroxy acid ester skeleton structure molecule; 3. high reaction yield and good stereoselectivity. Therefore, the invention has high basic research significance, industrial production value and social economic benefit.

The present invention relates to a compound of the following formula (I): ##STR00001## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the prevention or treatment of autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

The present invention relates to a compound of the following formula (I): ##STR00001## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the prevention or treatment of autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

The present invention relates to the synthesis of alkoxy substituted benzaldehydes obtained from the corresponding alkoxy substituted benzenes. Alkoxy substituted benzaldehydes are products of broad commercial interest and are used as end products and intermediates in flavor and fragrance applications and pharmaceutical ingredients. For example, 3,4-methylendioxy-benzaldehyde (also known as heliotropin or piperonal) is used widely both as a end product and intermediate for the above mentioned applications. Other examples include 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde and 3,4-ethylenedioxybenzene which are intermediates in the synthesis of active pharmaceutical intermediates.