A silicone polyether for use in forming a solid polymer electrolyte film, the silicone polyether comprising a heterocyclic moiety. The silicone polyether comprising the heterocyclic moiety may be used to provide an electrolyte composition suitable for use in an electrochemical device. The silicone polyether comprising a heterocyclic moiety may also be used to form a solid polymer electrolyte that may be used to form a solid polymer electrolyte film, which may be suitable for use in electrochemical devices.

The mechanochemical functionalization of silicon nanoparticles and functionalized silicon nanoparticles are described. The processes include applying shear forces to silicon metal the presence of an alkane and thereby functionalizing the silicon with an alkyl-functionalization, preferably an alkyl-hydride-functionalization. The resulting product includes a plurality of silicon nanoparticles each carrying an alkyl-functionalization, and preferably a hydride-functionalization, derived from an alkane.

The process of bi-functionalizing silicon nanoparticles and bi-functionalized silicon nanoparticles are described. The processes include applying shear forces to silicon metal in the presence of an alkane, thereby providing an alkyl-hydride-functionalized silicon nanoparticle, which is then treated with a reactant, e.g., a compound that reacts with the hydride functionality, to provide the bi-functionalized silicon nanoparticles. The resulting product can include a plurality of functionalities on a silicon nanoparticle derived from alkenes, alkynes, aldehydes, alcohols, thiols, amines, carboxylates, and/or carboxylic acids.

A perfluoro(poly)ether group containing silane compound represented by the formula (1a) or the formula (1b):

A-RfXSiQ.sub.kY.sub.3-k(1a)

Y.sub.3-kQ.sub.kSiXRfXSiQ.sub.kY.sub.3-k(1b)

as defined herein. Also disclosed is a process for producing the compound, a surface-treating agent containing the compound, a pellet containing the surface-treating agent and an optical member including a base material and a layer formed on a surface of the base material from the compound.

A perfluoro(poly)ether group containing silane compound represented by the formula (1a) or the formula (1b):

A-RfXSiQ.sub.kY.sub.3-k(1a)

Y.sub.3-kQ.sub.kSiXRfXSiQ.sub.kY.sub.3-k(1b)

as defined herein. Also disclosed is a process for producing the compound, a surface-treating agent containing the compound, a pellet containing the surface-treating agent and an optical member including a base material and a layer formed on a surface of the base material from the compound.

The invention relates to silane compounds having the general formula (I): SiR.sup.1.sub.n(R.sup.2).sub.4-n (I), as defined herein, to a method for preparing the silane compounds and use thereof as crosslinker or as adhesion promoter and to a curable composition comprising a reaction product of the at least one silane compound, at least one polyorganosiloxane, and at least one catalyst, and use thereof.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an oligosiloxane and an oligosiloxane synthesizer, by which an oligosiloxane can be efficiently produced. An oligosiloxane can be efficiently produced by the method for producing an oligosiloxane, which includes a condensation step for generating a hydrosiloxane having a structure represented by the following Formula (d) by reacting an alkoxysilane having a structure represented by the following Formula (b) with a hydrosilane having a structure represented by the following Formula (c) in the presence of a boron compound having Lewis acidity, and a hydrosilylation step for generating an alkoxysiloxane having a structure represented by the following Formula (f) by reacting the hydrosiloxane having the structure represented by Formula (d) generated in the condensation step with a carbonyl compound represented by the following Formula (E) in the presence of a boron compound having Lewis acidity. Moreover, an oligosiloxane having arbitrary substituent sequences can be produced.

##STR00001##

A compound represented by a formula [1D] as shown below (wherein R.sup.1A, R.sup.1B, R.sup.2A, R.sup.2B, R.sup.3A and R.sup.3B represent a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, and the like) is useful as an intermediate for producing a thionucleoside, and the production method of the present invention is useful as a method for producing a thionucleoside. ##STR00001##

The invention relates to benzothiazole-containing silanes of the formula I

##STR00001##

which are prepared by reacting benzothiazole-containing silanes of the formula II

##STR00002##

with a compound of formula III

R.sup.2H(III).

The benzothiazole-containing silanes of the formula I can be used in rubber mixtures.

The present invention relates to the preparation of compounds of Formula I, including thapsigargin, nortrilobolide and 8-O-debutanoyl-thapsigargin from commercially available (R)-()-carvone via synthetic intermediate compound of formula 12 by pinacol coupling and in situ lactonization.

##STR00001##