A 5.sub.A5.sub.B6.sub.C tricyclic spironolactone derivative is provided with a formula XI: ##STR00001## The present invention also relates to its preparation method and its applications in the areas of insecticide, nematicide, fungicide and anti-viral agent. The 5.sub.A5.sub.B6.sub.C tricyclic spironolactone derivatives in the present invention are high-performance, broad-spectrum, low-toxicity and low-ecological risk compounds with a wide range of applications in the areas of agriculture, horticulture, forestry and health.

A methylsilicic acid hydrogel is produced by reacting a solution of sodium methyl siliconate with a gaseous acid agent. The resulting product is vacuumised to remove residual gas, and washed with water. A significant OH-group content in the hydrogel, which results from bubbling the gaseous acid agent through the solution of sodium methyl siliconate, makes it possible to increase the selectivity of the adsorption properties when the hydrogel is used in medicine and veterinary science.

A process for preparing a cyclic polysiloxazane is disclosed. The cyclic polysiloxazane may optionally be converted to an a-alkoxy-ou-amino-functional polysiloxane. The cyclic polysiloxazane or the a-alkoxy-oo-amino-functional polysiloxane, may be used as a capping agent for a silanol-functional polyorganosiloxane in a process to make an amino-functional polyorganosiloxane.

A process for the preparation of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine is provided. The process requires no chromatography purification and affords the (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine in eight steps with a 26% overall yield and greater than 97% purity.

Processes for preparing latanoprostene bunod and an intermediate prepared from the process. Also latanoprostene bunod compositions having high-purity latanoprostene bunod.

A bevel portion treatment agent composition of the present invention is a bevel portion treatment agent composition containing a silylating agent, which is used for treating a bevel portion of a wafer, in which a surface modification index Y and a surface modification index Z measured by a predetermined procedure have a characteristic of satisfying 0.5≤Y/Z≤1.0.

A catalyst includes a carrier, and a metal obtained by reducing a metal ion supported on the carrier 1) in a supercritical state or 2) in a polar organic solvent, wherein the carrier is an inorganic porous body having a hierarchical porous structure. By employing the catalyst, it is possible to exhibit better catalytic activity than a conventional catalyst. Heat generation and spontaneous ignition are prevented because no organic porous body is used.

The present invention relates to the preparation of compounds of Formula I, including thapsigargin, nortrilobolide and 8-O-debutanoyl-thapsigargin from commercially available (R)-(−)-carvone via synthetic intermediate compound of formula 12 by pinacol coupling and in situ lactonization. ##STR00001##

A method is useful for preparing alkylalkoxysilanes, such as alkylalkoxysilanes, particularly dimethyldimethoxysilane. The method includes heating at a temperature of 150° C. to 400° C., ingredients including an alkyl ether and carbon dioxide, and a source of silicon and catalyst. The carbon dioxide eliminates the need to add halogenated compounds during the method.

One-pot synthetic methods are disclosed for synthesizing curable, antimicrobial silsesquioxane-silica hybrids by hydrolytically co-condensing a tetraalkoxysilane with two different trialkoxysilanes. Particles are also disclosed that are substantially spherical and have an ordered lamellar internal structure. In addition, polymers prepared from the curable, antimicrobial silsesquioxane-silica hybrids and co-monomers are disclosed.