The present application provides a low-temperature process to reduce S—S and/or S—H bonds in organic compounds, including sulfur-cured elastomers, which for example, permits the de-crosslinking of the elastomer and recovery of organic polymers from inorganic constituents.

A composition, a film, a display device and article prepared therefrom, and a method of preparing the article, the composition including: a compound having a fluorine-containing (poly)ether group represented by Formula 1; and a heteroatom-containing cyclic silane compound represented by Formula 2 or 3:

##STR00001## wherein, in Formulas 1 to 3, Rf is a fluorine-containing (poly)ether group, and L1, Q1, p1, q1, q2, q3, A1, A2, A3, R.sub.a, R.sub.b, R.sub.i, R.sub.j, R.sub.c, R.sub.d, R.sub.e, R.sub.f, R.sub.g, R.sub.h, R.sub.k, R.sub.l, R.sub.m, R.sub.n, R.sub.o, R.sub.p, R.sub.q, R.sub.r, R.sub.s, and R.sub.t are as described in the detailed description.

A process for preparing polysulfane silanes of formula (I):

(R.sup.1).sub.3-mR.sup.2.sub.mSi—R.sup.3—S.sub.x—R.sup.3—SiR.sup.2.sub.m(OR.sup.1).sub.3-m  (I),

may include reacting at least one halosilane of formula (II):

(R.sup.1).sub.3-mR.sup.2.sub.mSi—R.sup.3-Hal  (II),

with M(SH).sub.y and/or M.sub.zS and sulfur, in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst, a base and an aqueous phase, wherein the phase transfer catalyst is an alkylguanidinium catalyst of the formula (III):

##STR00001##

and at least two groups of R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, and R.sup.8 are —(CH.sub.2).sub.2CH.sub.3, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, or —CH.sub.3.

The present invention relates to a novel method for producing fluorinated cycloaliphatic compounds from the analogous aromatic compounds by hydrogenation with an Rh-carbene catalyst system.

The invention relates to a silane, to a rubber mixture comprising the silane and to a vehicle tire which comprises the rubber mixture in at least one component, and to a process for producing the silane.

The silane of the invention has the following formula I)

(R.sup.1).sub.oSi—R.sup.2—S—R.sup.3—S—R.sup.3—S—X  I)

which, according to the invention, comprises the —R.sup.2—S—R.sup.3—S—R.sup.3— unit in the spacer group.

The rubber mixture of the invention comprises at least one silane of the invention.

An aqueous, storage-stable and preferably colorless composition containing N-vinylbenzylaminoalkyl-functional siloxanols is derived from a reaction of hydrolysis products and optionally, condensation products of hydrolysis products, of at least one aminoalkyl-functional alkoxysilane or a mixture of aminoalkyl-functional alkoxysilanes with vinylbenzyl halide. The composition contains not less than 1% by weight of N-vinylbenzylaminoalkyl-functional siloxanols and/or salts of the protonated N-vinylbenzylaminoalkyl-functional siloxanols and water, based on the weight of the composition. The composition has a pH of 2 to 3.5. A process can be used for producing this composition.

Certain embodiments of the invention provide a cationic lipid of formula (I): wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are defined as described herein, as well as methods of making these lipids. Certain embodiments of the invention also provide nucleic acid-lipid particles comprising a cationic lipid of formula (I), methods of making the lipid particles, and methods of delivering and/or administering the lipid particles.

##STR00001##

Described is a process for producing SiOC-bonded polyether siloxanes branched in the siloxane portion from cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type, wherein said process comprises in a first step reacting the mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type with acetic anhydride optionally in admixture with simple siloxane cycles under acid catalysis to afford acetoxy-bearing branched siloxanes, in a second step performing the equilibration of the acetoxy-modified branched siloxane with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, preferably with addition of acetic acid, and in a third step reacting the trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-treated acetoxysiloxane with polyetherols optionally in the presence of bases and optionally in the presence of an inert solvent.

A nitrogen-containing cyclic organoxysilane compound having a formula (1): ##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 is a divalent hydrocarbon group, R.sup.2 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group or an organoxy group having a formula (2):
—OR.sup.4  (2) wherein R.sup.4 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group, R.sup.3 is a divalent hydrocarbon group, A is a group having a formula (3) or (4): ##STR00002## wherein each of R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group, a triorganosilyl group, or the like, R.sup.7 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group or triorganosilyl group, each of R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 is a divalent carbon atom having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and R.sup.10 is C—H or a nitrogen atom, and E is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a group having a formula (5): ##STR00003## wherein R.sup.3 is the same as described above, each of E.sup.1 and E.sup.2 independently is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and n is an integer of 1 to 10.

A catalyzed hydroformylation process of an alkenyl-functional organosilicon compound with carbon monoxide and hydrogen produces an aldehyde-functional organosilicon compound.