A flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker, a process for forming a flame-retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that contains the flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker are disclosed. The flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker can be synthesized from vanillin obtained from a bio-based source, and can have at least one phosphoryl or phosphonyl moiety with phenyl, allyl, epoxide, propylene carbonate, or thioether substituents. The process for forming the flame-retardant polymer can include reacting a diol vanillin derivative and a flame-retardant phosphorus-based molecule to form the flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker, and binding the flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker to a polymer. The material in the article of manufacture can be flame-retardant, and contain flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linkers. Examples of materials that can be in the article of manufacture can include resins, plastics, adhesives, polymers, etc.

A flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker, a process for forming a flame-retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that contains the flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker are disclosed. The flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker can be synthesized from vanillin obtained from a bio-based source, and can have at least one phosphoryl or phosphonyl moiety with phenyl, allyl, epoxide, propylene carbonate, or thioether substituents. The process for forming the flame-retardant polymer can include reacting a diol vanillin derivative and a flame-retardant phosphorus-based molecule to form the flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker, and binding the flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker to a polymer. The material in the article of manufacture can be flame-retardant, and contain flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linkers. Examples of materials that can be in the article of manufacture can include resins, plastics, adhesives, polymers, etc.

A flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecule, a process for forming a flame-retardant resin, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that contains the flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecule are disclosed. The flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecule can be synthesized from vanillin obtained from a bio-based source, and can have at least one phosphoryl or phosphonyl moiety with phenyl, allyl, epoxide, propylene carbonate, or thioether substituents. The process for forming the flame-retardant resin can include reacting a vanillin derivative and a flame-retardant phosphorus-based molecule to form the flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecule, and binding the flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecule to a resin. The flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecules can also be bound to polymers. The material in the article of manufacture can be flame-retardant, and contain the flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecules. Examples of materials that can be in the article of manufacture can include resins, plastics, adhesives, polymers, etc.

A flame-retardant vanillin-derived small molecule, a process for forming a flame-retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that contains the flame-retardant vanillin-derived small molecule are disclosed. The flame-retardant vanillin-derived small molecule can be synthesized from vanillin obtained from a bio-based source, and can have at least one phosphoryl or phosphonyl moiety with phenyl, allyl, or thioether substituents. The process for forming the flame-retardant polymer can include reacting a diol vanillin derivative and a flame-retardant phosphorus-based molecule to form the flame-retardant vanillin-derived small molecule, and binding the flame-retardant vanillin-derived small molecule to a polymer. The material in the article of manufacture can be flame-retardant, and contain the flame-retardant vanillin-derived small molecules. Examples of materials that can be in the article of manufacture can include resins, plastics, adhesives, polymers, etc.

The present invention discloses compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, thereof:

##STR00001##

which inhibit coronavirus replication activity. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and methods of treating or preventing a coronavirus infection in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The present disclosure provides method of treating or preventing a microbial infection caused by a prokaryotic pathogen in a subject, the method comprising administering a compound of Formula (I) as set forth in the specification. In one embodiment, the prokaryotic pathogen belongs to the genus Staphylococcus.

The present invention concerns a method to access (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl-1-acetate in two synthesis steps with excellent yields and selectivity greater than 70% by transformation of 2-hexenal into a novel intermediate, which is itself then transformed into (E,Z)-7,9-dodecandienyl-1-acetate.

Disclosed is an oleic acid derivative including a hydrophobic part C17H33 linked to a particular polar head part A, especially for use as a medicament, for instance, for the treatment of a disorder caused by the GPR120 receptor and/or the CD36 receptor, including administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the oleic acid derivative or of the pharmaceutical composition. Also disclosed is the use of the oleic acid derivative as a food composition.

Provided is a method for producing a vinylphosphonic acid monoester from vinylphosphonic acid diester with high selectivity.

The method for producing a vinylphosphonic acid monoester from a vinylphosphonic acid diester represented by the following Formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently denote a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the vinylphosphonic acid monoester being represented by the following Formula (2):

##STR00002##

wherein R.sup.1 denotes a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, according to the invention, wherein the method includes a step of heating the vinylphosphonic acid diester in the presence of a solvent and a basic substance, thereby obtaining the vinylphosphonic acid monoester, and a molar ratio of the basic substance to the vinylphosphonic acid diester is from 0.7 to 3.5.

Methods for the synthesis and use of functionalized, substituted naphthalenes are described. The functionalized, substituted naphthalenes display useful properties including liquid crystals and fluorescence properties, such as solvatochromatic fluorescence, with high quantum yields, Stoke's shift, and show emission maxima that are significantly red-shifted.