The present invention relates to the use of efficient phosphorous substances, in particular based on diphenylamine and heterocyclic diphenylamine derivatives as stabilizers for organic materials, in particular for plastic materials, against oxidative, thermal and/or actinic degradation. Te present invention additionally relates to an organic material that has been correspondingly stabilized as described above. The invention further relates to a method of stabilizing organic materials and to specific stabilizers.

Disclosed are novel phosphono-phosphate and anionic group containing polymer compositions that have targeted uses with divalent cations and surfaces having divalent cations. These compounds can be used to deliver anionic character to surfaces such as calcium hydroxyapatite.

An object of the present invention is to provide crystal of a cyclic phosphonic acid sodium salt (2ccPA) with high purity and excellent storage stability and a method for producing the crystal. The present invention provides a crystal of a cyclic phosphonic acid sodium salt (2ccPA) represented by formula (1): ##STR00001##

Disclosed are oral care compositions of novel phosphono-phosphate and anionic group containing polymer compositions that have targeted uses with divalent cations and surfaces having divalent cations. These compounds can be used to deliver anionic character to surfaces such as calcium hydroxyapatite for use in oral care applications.

An organic phosphorus-based compound which satisfies the following requirements (i) to (viii) and is represented by the following formula (1): (i) the organic purity should be not lower than 98%; (ii) the solubility in 20 C. water should be not higher than 0.1 g/100 g of water; (iii) the total halogen component content should be not higher than 1,000 ppm; (iv) the total volatile organic matter content should be not higher than 800 ppm; (v) the pH value should be not larger than 1.0; (vi) the volume standard median diameter should be not larger than 30 m; (vii) the maximum particle diameter should be not larger than 200 m; and (viii) the standard deviation represented by the following formula should be not larger than 20 m. Standard deviation=(d84%+d16%)/2; wherein d84%: particle diameter at a point where the cumulative curve becomes 84% (m), and d16%: particle diameter at a point where the cumulative curve becomes 16% (m). ##STR00001##
In the above formula, R.sup.2 and R.sup.5 may be the same or different and are each a phenyl group which may have a substituent, naphthyl group which may have a substituent, anthryl group which may have a substituent, or branched or linear alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which may have an aromatic substituent. R.sup.1, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.6 may be the same or different and are each a hydrogen atom, branched or linear alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenyl group which may have a substituent, naphthyl group which may have a substituent, or anthryl group which may have a substituent.

Disclosed is a phosphorus-containing compound capable of serving as a flame retardant to be used in conjunction with other ingredients to make resin compositions, useful for fabricating such as a prepreg, a resin film, a resin film with copper foil, a laminate or a printed circuit board, having improved one or more properties including glass transition temperature, coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal resistance, flame retardancy, dielectric constant, and dissipation factor. In addition, a method of preparing the phosphorus-containing compound and a resin composition comprising the phosphorus-containing compound are also disclosed.

Disclosed herein are methods of crystallizing the compound of Formula I, as well as crystalline forms thereof. Crystalline forms of Formula I disclosed include the TBME solvate crystalline form, toluene solvate crystalline form, ethanol solvate crystalline form, THF solvate crystalline form, EtOAc solvate crystalline form, acetone solvate crystalline form and crystalline Form C.

A phosphorus-containing flame retardant, a preparation method thereof, a resin composition comprising the phosphorus-containing flame retardant and an article made therefrom are disclosed. The phosphorus-containing flame retardant is characterized by having the advantages of high phosphorus content, high resin compatibility, not increasing gel time of varnish and low water absorption rate, and is therefore suitable for use as a flame retardant of various resin materials.

Described herein are CD73 inhibitors and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds. The subject compounds and compositions are useful for the treatment of cancer, infections, and neurodegenerative diseases.

There are provided compounds of Formula I, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, used for inhibition or modulation of the activity of cyclin dependent kinases (CDK) and/or glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), for the treatment of disease states or conditions mediated by cyclin dependent kinases and/or glycogen synthase kinase-3, including cancers.

##STR00001##