An object t of the present invention is to provide crystal of a cyclic phosphonic acid sodium salt (2ccPA) with high purity and excellent storage stability and a method for producing the crystal. The present invention provides a crystal of a cyclic phosphonic acid sodium salt (2ccPA) represented by formula (1): ##STR00001##

Disclosed herein are methods of crystallizing the compound of Formula I, as well as crystalline forms thereof. Crystalline forms of Formula I disclosed include the TBME solvate crystalline form, toluene solvate crystalline form, ethanol solvate crystalline form, THF solvate crystalline form, EtOAc solvate crystalline form, acetone solvate crystalline form and crystalline Form C.

Ionizable phospholipids and compositions and methods relating thereof are provided herein. In some aspects, the ionizable phospholipids provided herein may be formulated in compositions which contain a nucleic acid and one or more helper excipients. In some aspects, these compositions may also be used to treat diseases or disorders with a therapeutic nucleic acid.

The present invention provides a compound represented by formula (I) or formula (II) capable of reducing the color difference before and after post-baking.

##STR00001##

[In the formula (I), R.sup.1 represents a C2-C20 unsaturated hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent; R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a C1-C20 hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, or a single bond connecting Z.sup.2 and R.sup.1; and Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 each independently represent a single bond or an oxygen atom, and in the formula (II), R.sup.3 represents a C2-C20 unsaturated hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent; and Z.sup.3 represents a single bond or an oxygen atom].

This disclosure relates to the use of uridine diphosphate (UDP) derivatives, salts and/or prodrugs thereof for the treatment of inflammatory conditions (e.g., psoriasis) and glaucoma, to prodrugs of UDP derivatives, compositions comprising therapeutically effective amounts of those prodrugs of the UDP derivatives and methods of using those prodrugs for treating various disorders including, e.g., neuronal disorders, including neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease) and traumatic CNS injury, pain, Down Syndrome (DS), glaucoma, and inflammatory conditions, e.g., psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Disclosed herein, inter alia, are acyclic nucleotide analogs and methods of using an acyclic nucleotide analog for treating and/or ameliorating a papillomavirus infection.

A method for preparing the cyclic phosphonate compound of Formula I

##STR00001##

is described. The method significantly improves the stereoselectivity of the compound with the required configuration.

A method for preparing the cyclic phosphonate compound of Formula I

##STR00001##

is described. The method significantly improves the stereoselectivity of the compound with the required configuration.

A pharmaceutical or health food composition for preventing or treating Parkinson's disease containing O-cyclic phytosphingosine-1-phosphate. The composition can prevent the death of SH-SY5Y nerve cells, which are dopaminergic nerve cells, and increase the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, an enzyme required for dopamine formation. Accordingly, the composition can be effectively used for preventing or treating Parkinson's disease.

A prodrug platform is useful to deliver pharmaceutically active amines, amides and phenols and their use in the diagnosis, prevention and/or treatment of various diseases. Compared with the parent drug (e.g., Gemcitabine), the prodrugs show a significant overall safety improvement (therapeutic index (TI) improvement), especially in liver. The prodrugs can treat several diseases, including, for example, cancer, metabolic disease, viral infection, immunological disease, neurologic disease, and blood disease.