The present disclosure discusses (i) a compound having a chemical formula according to Formula (I), or its enantiomer; and (ii) a compound that is reactive with a hydride to produce a compound having a chemical formula according to Formula (I), or its enantiomer. Formula (I) is: Formula (I) where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are H, optionally substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl, or linked together to form an optionally substituted C.sub.3 or C.sub.4 alkyl group; R.sub.3 and R.sub.3are H; R.sub.4 and R.sub.4 are the same, and are optionally substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl; and R.sub.5 and R.sub.5 are the same, and are optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl. In some examples, R4 and R5 are linked, and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are linked, where both linking groups are the same. The present disclosure also discusses methods of asymmetric reduction of an imine, and methods of forming the catalysts and pre-catalysts.

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The invention relates to oligomerization of olefins, such as ethylene, to higher olefins, such as a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene, using a catalyst system that comprises a) a source of chromium b) one or more activators and c) a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound. Additionally, the invention relates to a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound and a process for making said compound.

Provided herein are diaryl and arylalkyl phosphonates, useful as intermediates in, for example, the synthesis of leukocyte elastase inhibitors, potassium channel modulators, chemiluminescence materials, and flame retardants, and methods for making same. Also provided are N-heterocyclic phosphorodiamidic acids (NHPAs) useful in reactions such as, for example, in the preparation of diaryl and arylalkyl phosphonates. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

Provided herein are N-heterocyclic phosphines (NHPs) useful in metal-free phosphorus-carbon bond forming reactions. Methods for preparing vinylphosphonates using NHPs also are provided. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

Novel dinuclear silver(I) pyrazolido complexes and methods of synthesizing them are provided. Advantageously, the novel silver(I) pyrazolido complexes have excellent antimicrobial activity and methods of using said complexes to treat bacterial, fungal, and viral infections are also provided.

The present invention is in the field of processes for the generation of thin inorganic films on substrates, in particular atomic layer deposition processes. It relates to a process for preparing metal films comprising (a) depositing a metal-containing compound from the gaseous state onto a solid substrate and (b) bringing the solid substrate with the deposited metal-containing compound in contact with a reducing agent in the gaseous state, wherein the reducing agent is or at least partially forms at the surface of the solid substrate a carbene, a silylene or a phosphor radical.

The invention relates to oligomerization of olefins, such as ethylene, to higher olefins, such as a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene, using a catalyst system that comprises a) a source of chromium b) one or more activators and c) a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound. Additionally, the invention relates to a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound and a process for making said compound.

Provided herein are functionalized phosphonates and methods for making same via phosphite addition to an atom alpha to an electron withdrawing group. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

Disclosed herein are cyclic thiol prodrugs, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. The prodrugs and pharmaceutical compositions thereof may be used to treat or prevent medical disorders such as, for example, cystinuria, cystinosis, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, malaria, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, radiation poisoning, arsenic poisoning, radioprotection, Wilson's disease or rheumatoid arthritis.

Novel dinuclear silver(I) pyrazolido complexes and methods of synthesizing them are provided. Advantageously, the novel silver(I) pyrazolido complexes have excellent antimicrobial activity and methods of using said complexes to treat bacterial, fungal, and viral infections are also provided.