There is provided a carbon material dispersion in which a carbon material containing a carbon nanotube is dispersed favorably without substantially producing a coarse aggregate irrespective of liquid compositions and dispersion methods, the carbon material dispersion excellent in viscosity stability. The carbon material dispersion excluding one that contains a volatile salt contains: a carbon material containing a carbon nanotube; a liquid medium; and a dispersant. The content of the dispersant in terms of solid content based on 100 parts by mass of the carbon material is 204 parts by mass or less, and when a dilute dispersion is obtained by diluting the carbon material dispersion with a diluent comprising the liquid medium such that absorbance at a wavelength W.sub.M, which is a median value of an arbitrary wavelength W.sub.L within a range of 350 to 550 nm and an arbitrary wavelength W.sub.H within a range of 650 to 850 nm, is 1.80.02, a ratio of absorbance A.sub.L at the wavelength W.sub.L to absorbance A.sub.H at the wavelength W.sub.H, (A.sub.L/A.sub.H), is 1.60 or more for the dilute dispersion.

There is provided a carbon material dispersion in which a carbon material containing a carbon nanotube is dispersed favorably without substantially producing a coarse aggregate irrespective of liquid compositions and dispersion methods, the carbon material dispersion excellent in viscosity stability. The carbon material dispersion excluding one that contains a volatile salt contains: a carbon material containing a carbon nanotube; a liquid medium; and a dispersant. The content of the dispersant in terms of solid content based on 100 parts by mass of the carbon material is 204 parts by mass or less, and when a dilute dispersion is obtained by diluting the carbon material dispersion with a diluent comprising the liquid medium such that absorbance at a wavelength W.sub.M, which is a median value of an arbitrary wavelength W.sub.L within a range of 350 to 550 nm and an arbitrary wavelength W.sub.H within a range of 650 to 850 nm, is 1.80.02, a ratio of absorbance A.sub.L at the wavelength W.sub.L to absorbance A.sub.H at the wavelength W.sub.H, (A.sub.L/A.sub.H), is 1.60 or more for the dilute dispersion.

An acrylic rubber containing acrylate monomer units, methacrylate monomer units, and crosslinkable monomer units, wherein a glass transition temperature is 20 C. or less, a change ratio in volume after a crosslinked rubber of the acrylic rubber is immersed in IRM903 oil at 1502 C. for 72 hours is 0 to 100%, and a change ratio in weight after a crosslinked rubber of the acrylic rubber is immersed in hot water at 1502 C. for 96 hours and dried is 5.0 to 0%.

The present application provides a primer composition, a method for treating a wet or damp surface with the primer composition, and a method to improve the adhesion of pavement markers to wet or damp surfaces. The primer composition comprises about 5 weight percent to about 90 weight percent of the reaction product of: (i) about 30 to about 70 parts by weight of an (meth)acrylate ester wherein the (meth)acrylate ester; (ii) about 70 to about 30 parts by weight of a hydrophilic acidic comonomer; and (iii) about 10 to about 100 parts based on 100 parts of the sum of the (meth)acrylate ester and the hydrophilic acid comonomer, of a plasticizer; dissolved in about 10 to about 95 weight percent of at least one organic solvent.

The present invention relates to a method for making a direct emulsion of a copolymer in water, characterized in that it comprises the polymerization of at least, expressed as a percentage by weight of each of the monomers based upon the total weight of the monomers: a) 10 to 80% by weight of methacrylic acid and, optionally, of acrylic acid; b)15 to 80% by weight of at least one non-ionic vinyl monomer; c) 0.05 to 9.5% by weight of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid or a salt thereof; d) 0.5 to 30% by weight of at least one monomer containing at least one hydrophobic group; and e) 0.01 to 5% by weight of at least one crosslinking monomer; said polymerization being carried out in the presence of at least one surfactant. It also relates to the corresponding new copolymer emulsion in water, a method for thickening an aqueous composition comprising such an emulsion of copolymer and to an aqueous composition comprising such a copolymer emulsion.

The present invention relates to a method for making a direct emulsion of a copolymer in water, characterized in that it comprises the polymerization of at least, expressed as a percentage by weight of each of the monomers based upon the total weight of the monomers: a) 10 to 80% by weight of methacrylic acid and, optionally, of acrylic acid; b)15 to 80% by weight of at least one non-ionic vinyl monomer; c) 0.05 to 9.5% by weight of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid or a salt thereof; d) 0.5 to 30% by weight of at least one monomer containing at least one hydrophobic group; and e) 0.01 to 5% by weight of at least one crosslinking monomer; said polymerization being carried out in the presence of at least one surfactant. It also relates to the corresponding new copolymer emulsion in water, a method for thickening an aqueous composition comprising such an emulsion of copolymer and to an aqueous composition comprising such a copolymer emulsion.

Process for thickening a composition, through the use of a direct emulsion in water, which is alkali-swellable, of a polymer of the ASE or HASE type, which is both rich in acrylic acid and which has a certain quantity of AMPS. The use of such emulsions simultaneously allows there to be no obligation to use surfactants and organic solvents other than water, and allows the thickening phenomenon to be activated for pHs of less than 7: this latter characteristic is particularly advantageous for formulations intended to he used in contact with skin.

This invention generally relates to a multi-stage polymer as a grinding additive and a method of producing the same.

An aqueous emulsion composition comprising: i) partially fluorinated copolymer; ii) one or more co-solvents; iii) one or more surfactants; and optionally iv) one or more defoamers; wherein the co-solvent comprises fatty acids, esters of fatty acids, glycerides, glycols, or mixture thereof, and is useful for providing water and oil repellency to fibrous substrates without excessive pad roller build-up during application.

An aqueous emulsion composition comprising: i) partially fluorinated copolymer; ii) one or more co-solvents; iii) one or more surfactants; and optionally iv) one or more defoamers; wherein the co-solvent comprises fatty acids, esters of fatty acids, glycerides, glycols, or mixture thereof, and is useful for providing water and oil repellency to fibrous substrates without excessive pad roller build-up during application.