A toner includes toner particles. The toner particles each include a toner mother particle. The toner mother particles contain a binder resin, a magnetic powder, and a charge control agent. The binder resin includes a block polymer. The block polymer has a polyester portion and a vinyl polymer portion. The charge control agent includes a styrene-acrylic resin having a quaternary ammonium group. A content percentage of the charge control agent in the toner mother particles is at least 1.5% by mass and no greater than 12.0% by mass.

A toner includes toner particles. The toner particles each include a toner mother particle. The toner mother particles contain a binder resin, a magnetic powder, and a charge control agent. The binder resin includes a block polymer. The block polymer has a polyester portion and a vinyl polymer portion. The charge control agent includes a styrene-acrylic resin having a quaternary ammonium group. A content percentage of the charge control agent in the toner mother particles is at least 1.5% by mass and no greater than 12.0% by mass.

A copolymer fiber is prepared from a composition that includes specific amounts of a block polyestercarbonate-polysiloxane and a flame retardant. The fiber has an equivalent circular diameter of 10 to 60 micrometers. Also described are a method of forming the fiber, and various articles incorporating the fiber, including woven fabrics, knit fabrics, and nonwoven fabrics.

A copolymer fiber is prepared from a composition that includes specific amounts of a block polyestercarbonate-polysiloxane and a flame retardant. The fiber has an equivalent circular diameter of 10 to 60 micrometers. Also described are a method of forming the fiber, and various articles incorporating the fiber, including woven fabrics, knit fabrics, and nonwoven fabrics.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a twisted cord of liquid-crystal polyester multifilaments which gives various high-order processed products capable of retaining desired product shapes and which is suitable for use in general industrial material applications such as high-strength ropes, slings, and nets. The twisted cord of liquid-crystal polyester multifilaments has a coefficient of variation in longitudinal-direction cord diameter, X, of less than 30%.

A 5,5-Di-(protected)-2,2-bifuran:

##STR00001##

wherein each R.sup.1 is independently an unsubstituted or substituted 5- or 6-member 1,3-dioxo-2-yl ring radical. Processes for making the bifuran include coupling 2-(protected)-furfural. Processes for using the bifuran include deprotection, functionalization, and/or polymerization to form a polyester. The polyester can be a renewable, high-performing polyester offering a combination of low cost of production, high sustainability, and excellent performance

A 5,5-Di-(protected)-2,2-bifuran:

##STR00001##

wherein each R.sup.1 is independently an unsubstituted or substituted 5- or 6-member 1,3-dioxo-2-yl ring radical. Processes for making the bifuran include coupling 2-(protected)-furfural. Processes for using the bifuran include deprotection, functionalization, and/or polymerization to form a polyester. The polyester can be a renewable, high-performing polyester offering a combination of low cost of production, high sustainability, and excellent performance

Processes are described for purifying a biphenyldicarboxylic acid product containing one or more impurities, particularly at least formylbiphenylcarboxylic acid. In the processes, a mixture comprising the biphenyldicarboxylic acid product is contacted with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst under conditions to selectively reduce at least part of the formylbiphenylcarboxylic acid to produce a hydrogenation effluent comprising (i) hydroxymethylbiphenylcarboxylic acid and/or methylbiphenylcarboxylic acid, and (ii) biphenylcarboxylic acid. At least a portion of the biphenyldicarboxylic acid is then separated from the hydrogenation effluent. Advantageously, a polyester product may be produced from the separated biphenyldicarboxylic acid.

A shrink film comprising a core layer comprising a glycol modified polyester, the core having an upper and lower surface; an upper skin layer disposed on the upper surface of the core layer and a lower skin layer disposed on the lower surface of the core layer, the skin layers each individually comprising (a) a resin material; and (b) an antiblocking agent.

The present invention provides a polyarylate resin which is excellent in heat-resisting properties, abrasion-resisting properties, solubility properties in non-halogenated organic solvents, a water vapor-barrier property, mechanical properties, liquid sag-resisting properties and deformation-resisting properties (such as adhesive properties). The present invention relates to a polyarylate resin comprising a dihydric phenol residue shown in general formula (1) and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid residue shown in general formula (2), a film comprising the same and a laminated product thereof:

##STR00001##

(wherein X represents a liner or branched bivalent hydrocarbon group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms.)

##STR00002##

(wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 respectively and independently represent a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which may be substituted by one or more halogen atoms, or a halogen atom, and p and q respectively and independently represent an integer of 0 to 4.).