An electrodeposition composition comprising: (a) a source of copper ions; (b) an acid; (c) a suppressor, and (d) a leveler, wherein the leveler comprises a quaternized dipyridyl compound prepared by reacting a dipyridyl compound with a difunctional alkylating agent or a quaternized poly(epihalohydrin). The electrodeposition composition can be used in a process for forming a copper feature over a semiconductor substrate in wafer level packaging to electrodeposit a copper bump or pillar on an underbump structure of a semiconductor assembly.

A polyether group-containing compound of the formula (I). In each of the compound of the formula (I), one or two R— are represented by (Rf—X.sup.f1-PE-X.sup.f2).sub.α—X.sup.1—, and one or two R— are represented by R.sup.Si—. The symbols are as defined in the description.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a production method for pseudo-polyrotaxane or polyrotaxane in which the degree of ring-shaped molecules included on straight-chain molecules, that is, the inclusion rate, has been controlled to be low and stable. The present invention provides a production method for polyrotaxane formed by blocking groups being positioned at both ends of a pseudo-polyrotaxane so ring-shaped molecules are not released, said pseudo-polyrotaxane being formed by ring-shaped molecules skewered through openings thereof by straight-chain molecules, wherein polyrotaxane is obtained by means of said method having: (A) a step for preparing straight-chain molecules which have acidic or basic functional groups on both ends; (B) a step for forming pseudo-polyrotaxane by means of having a step for mixing the straight-chain molecules, the ring-shaped molecules, and a first basic group or an acid addition salt (the acid addition salt is used when the straight-chain molecules have the acidic functional groups; a base addition salt is used when the straight-chain molecules have the basic functional groups); and (C) a step for providing blocking groups on both ends of the straight-chain molecules by means of having a step for mixing the obtained pseudo-polyrotaxane and a blocking group precursor.

Disclosed is a method for preparing an ultraviolet radiation absorbing polymer composition comprising the polymer compound of formula ##STR00001##
in an esterification/transesterification which method comprises the steps of reacting a polyglycerol intermediate of formula ##STR00002##
with a benzotriazole UV-chromophore comprising a complementary functional group of formula ##STR00003##
to form the polymer compound of formula (3).

A heterobifunctional monodispersed polyethylene glycol represented by the formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein X.sup.1 and Y.sup.1 are each an atomic group containing a functional group capable of forming a covalent bond upon a reaction with a functional group present in a biofunctional molecule, the functional group contained in the atomic group X.sup.1 and the functional group contained in the atomic group Y.sup.1 are different from each other; R.sup.1 is a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom; n is an integer of 3 to 72; l is an integer of 2 to 72; and A.sup.1, B.sup.1 and C.sup.1 are as defined herein.

A compound represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 is a monovalent organic group containing a polyether chain; X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are each individually a monovalent group; and the polyether chain is a chain represented by the following formula: (OC.sub.6F.sub.12).sub.m11(OC.sub.5F.sub.10).sub.m12(OC.sub.4F.sub.8).sub.m13(OC.sub.3X.sup.10.sub.6).sub.m14(OC.sub.2F.sub.4).sub.m15(OCF.sub.2).sub.m16, wherein m11, m12, m13, m14, m15, and m16 are each individually an integer of 0 or 1 or greater; X.sup.10s are each individually H, F, or Cl; the repeating units are present in any order; and the sum of m11 to m16 is an integer of 10 or greater, R.sup.1 being other than those containing a urethane bond.

A surface-treating agent including () a compound represented by the following formula (1) or formula (2) and () a perfluoropolyether group-containing silane compound having an OCF.sub.2 unit:

##STR00001##

A polyether polymer composition containing 50 parts by weight or more of a filler per 100 parts by weight of a polyether polymer composed of 10 to 200 oxirane monomer units is provided. The present invention can provide a polyether polymer composition that is capable of appropriately showing various properties of the filler such as high heat conductivity and high electrical conductivity and that also has excellent long-term stability.

A cross-linkable rubber composition including a polyether rubber, a cross-linking agent, and calcium hydroxide is provided, the polyether rubber including 0.1 to 30 mol % of a unit represented by the following general formula (1) and 1 to 15 mol % of an unsaturated oxide monomer unit:

##STR00001##

wherein A.sup.+ is a group containing a cationic nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic ring; the group containing a cationic nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic ring bonds to a carbon atom at the position 2 shown in the above general formula (1) through one of nitrogen atoms constituting the cationic nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic ring.

Provided herein are polymeric -hydroxy aldehyde or -hydroxy ketone reagents which can be conjugated to amine-containing compounds to form stable conjugates in a single-step reaction. In selected embodiments, the polymeric reagent itself incorporates an internal proton-abstracting (basic) functional group, to promote more efficient reaction. The substituent is appropriately situated, via a linker if necessary, to position the group for proton abstraction, preferably providing a 4- or 5-bond spacing between the abstracting atom and the hydrogen atom on the -carbon. Also provided are methods of using the reagents and stable, solubilized conjugates of the reagents with biologically active compounds. In preferred embodiments, the polymeric component of the reagent or conjugate is a polyethylene glycol.