A block copolymer, an ion-exchange membrane including the block copolymer and a method of preparing the block copolymer are provided. The block copolymer may include a hydrophobic repeating unit and a hydrophilic repeating unit.

Disclosed herein is a method of manufacturing a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) including directly depositing a liquid suspension containing a platinum precursor onto an ionically conductive membrane (e.g., proton-exchange membrane) that, when the platinum precursor deposit layer is reduced, provides a layer that will scavenge hydrogen that has diffused back through the membrane due to cell stack pressure differential.

A polymer of fluorine-containing sulfonated poly(arylene ether)s and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The polymer is formed by processing a nucleophilic polycondensation between a fluorine-containing monomer having an electron-withdrawing group and a multi-phenyl monomer. A main structure of the polymer of fluorine-containing sulfonated poly(arylene ether)s has a first portion with fluoro or trifluoromethyl substituted phenyl groups, and a second portion with sulfonated phenyl groups.

A polymer of fluorine-containing sulfonated poly(arylene ether)s and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The polymer is formed by processing a nucleophilic polycondensation between a fluorine-containing monomer having an eletron-withdrawing group and a multi-phenyl monomer. A main structure of the polymer of fluorine-containing sulfonated poly(arylene ether)s has a first portion with fluoro or trifluoromethyl substituted phenyl groups, and a second portion with sulfonated phenyl groups.

A component comprises a first part and a second part, wherein said second part is in contact with said first part, wherein: (i) said first part comprises a polymer having a repeat unit of formula

O-Ph-O-Ph-CO-Ph-I and a repeat unit of formula

O-Ph-Ph-O-Ph-CO-PhII wherein Ph represents a phenylene moiety; and (ii) said second part comprises a metal.

A polymer of poly(arylene ether)s, a manufacturing method thereof, and a polymer light emitting diode with an organic light emitting layer made from the polymer are provided. The polymer is formed by processing a nucleophilic polycondensation between a fluoro-containing monomer having an electron-withdrawing group and a multi-phenyl monomer. The polymer has a host portion with fluoro- or trifluoromethyl substituents, and a customer portion with multi-phenyl groups.

To provide a novel fluororesin which is useful as an electronic substrate material for high-speed transmission. A fluororesin having a structure represented by formula (I) (n is within the range of from 1 to 100; L is a C.sub.5-C.sub.12 cycloalkylidene group which may have substituents; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each independently a group selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, C.sub.1-C.sub.10 saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups in which some or all hydrogen is optionally substituted with halogens, and C.sub.6-C.sub.10 aryl groups in which some or all hydrogen is optionally substituted with halogens; and X is a group having an olefinic carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon triple bond).

Formula (I);

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To provide: a block copolymer that exhibits excellent proton conductivity even under low-humidification conditions, exhibits excellent mechanical strength and chemical stability, and when used in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, allows high output and excellent physical durability; a polymer electrolyte material; and a polymer electrolyte form article and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, using the same. The block copolymer of the present invention includes each one or more of: a segment (A1) containing an ionic group; a segment (A2) not containing an ionic group; and a linker moiety connecting the segments. The segment (A1) containing an ionic group comprises a constituent unit represented by a specific structure. The polymer electrolyte material, the polymer electrolyte form article, and the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the present invention are manufactured by using the above block copolymer.

A polymer of fluorine-containing sulfonated poly(arylene ether)s and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The polymer is formed by processing a nucleophilic polycondensation between a fluorine-containing monomer having an electron-withdrawing group and a multi-phenyl monomer. A main structure of the polymer of fluorine-containing sulfonated poly(arylene ether)s has a first portion with fluoro or trifluoromethyl substituted phenyl groups, and a second portion with sulfonated phenyl groups.

A polymer electrolyte composition has excellent practicality and excellent chemical stability as to be able to withstand a strong oxidizing atmosphere during fuel cell operation and is able to achieve excellent proton conductivity under a low-humidified condition and excellent mechanical strength and physical durability, and a polymer electrolyte membrane, a membrane-electrode assembly, and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell produced therefrom. The polymer electrolyte composition includes an ionic group-containing polymer (A), an azole ring-containing compound (B), and a transition metal-containing additive (C), the transition metal being one or more selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, and gold.