A scintillator panel includes at least one light emitting layer and at least one non-light emitting layer laminated, wherein the light emitting layer contains phosphor particles, and when the thickness of the light emitting layer is represented by A, a relationship among a cumulative 50% particle diameter D.sub.50 of the phosphor particles based on volume average, a cumulative 90% particle diameter D.sub.90 of the phosphor particles based on volume average, and the thickness A satisfies,

D.sub.50<A and D.sub.90<2A.

A phosphor of an embodiment has a composition represented by a composition formula: Na.sub.xRM.sub.yS.sub.zO.sub.a, where R represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Y, La, Gd, and Lu, M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Bi, Ce, Eu, and Pr, x is an atomic ratio satisfying 0.93<x<1.07, y is an atomic ratio satisfying 0.00002<y<0.01, z is an atomic ratio satisfying 1.9<z<2.1, and a is an atomic ratio satisfying 0.001<a<0.05.

A lighting apparatus for emitting white light including a semiconductor light source emitting radiation with a peak emission between from about 250 nm to about 500 nm and a first phosphor having a peak emission between about 550 and 615 nm, wherein an overall emission spectrum of the lighting apparatus has a depression between about 550 and 615 nm, whereby the red-green color contrast is increased versus a reference illuminant.

A light emitting device includes: a first white light source which includes N pieces of first white light emitting diodes and emits a first white light; and a second white light source which includes M pieces of second white light emitting diodes and a first resistance element electrically connected in series to the second white light emitting diodes and having a first resistance value, is electrically connected in parallel to the first white light source, and emits a second white light, the light emitting device emitting a mixed white light of the first white light and the second white light. The drive voltage of the first white light source is higher than a drive voltage of the second white light source, and a color temperature of the mixed white light is higher as a total luminous flux of the mixed white light is higher.

A phosphor for low-pressure discharge lamps is disclosed, wherein the phosphor is present in the form of phosphor grains coated with a protective layer, wherein the protective layer consists of a metal oxide, a metal borate, a metal phosphate or mixtures thereof.

An LED light emitting device is provided that has high color rendering properties and is excellent color uniformity and, at the same time, can realize even luminescence unattainable by conventional techniques. A phosphor having a composition represented by formula: (Sr.sub.2-X-Y-Z-Ba.sub.XMg.sub.YMn.sub.ZEu.sub.)SiO.sub.4 wherein x, y, z, and are respectively coefficients satisfying 0.1<x<1, 0<y<0.5, 0<z<0.1, y>z, and 0.01<<0.2 is provided. The phosphor is used in combination with ultraviolet and blue light emitting diodes having a luminescence peak wavelength of 360 to 470 nm to form an LED light emitting device.

Provided is an oxysulfide luminescent material. The luminescent material has a general chemical formula of Ln.sub.2xO.sub.2S:Eu.sub.x.sup.3+@M.sub.y, wherein@ is coating, Eu is doped in Ln.sub.2xO.sub.2S, Ln.sub.2xO.sub.2S:Eu.sup.x.sub.3+has a porous structure, and M is located in pores of the Ln.sub.2xO.sub.2S:Eu.sub.x.sup.3+. In the oxysulfide luminescent material, metal nano particles coating is used to form a core-shell structure, which increases luminescent efficiency of the oxysulfide luminescent material in a same excitation condition; in addition, a hollow structure is formed between a core and a shell layer of the oxysulfide luminescent material, which effectively reduces usage of rare earth elements in the shell layer and lowers cost of the luminescent material. Also provided is a preparation method for the oxysulfide luminescent material.

A light emitting device includes: a first white light source which includes N pieces of first white light emitting diodes and emits a first white light; and a second white light source which includes M pieces of second white light emitting diodes and a first resistance element electrically connected in series to the second white light emitting diodes and having a first resistance value, is electrically connected in parallel to the first white light source, and emits a second white light, the light emitting device emitting a mixed white light of the first white light and the second white light. The drive voltage of the first white light source is higher than a drive voltage of the second white light source, and a color temperature of the mixed white light is higher as a total luminous flux of the mixed white light is higher.

The Invisible Inimitable Identity, Provenance, Verification and Authentication 7,70 Identifier System is an invisible or visible identifying embodiment having multiple machine readable emission output wavelengths and phosphorescence decay lifetimes generated from crystals contained in the embodiment when subjected to an incident energy source(s), the spatial distribution of the crystals limited only to the embodiment boundary. Comparison of the resulting spectral information histogram, using a preselected percentage of the decay lifetimes, against a database containing the embodiment's pre-established information verifies an item's identity and validates it as authentic. The system provides real-time verification for OEM parts and other items rapidly determining if the part or item is, in fact, an actual OEM item thus providing compliance to SAE Aerospace Standard AS6081. The 7,70 Identifier System provides a cost effective means of counterfeit part avoidance providing in excess of one billion individual unique identities.

The present application provides a photoexcitation-free temperature sensing material, a preparation method, and a temperature sensing method. The photoexcitation-free temperature sensing material has a general chemical formula of (Sr.sub.xM.sub.1-x).sub.1-y-zZnSO:Tb.sub.y,Eu.sub.z, wherein 0x1, 0<y<1, 0<z<1, and y+z<1; x, y, and z represent molar percentages; M represents a substitution ion of Sr and is one or two selected from Ca.sup.2+ and Ba.sup.2+.