A liquid crystal (LC) medium comprising a polymerizable compound, a process for its preparation, its use for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, such as LC displays, including LC displays of the polymer sustained alignment (PSA) type, and LC displays, including PSA displays, comprising the LC medium.

A smectic A composition with the positive dielectric anisotropy exhibiting a monolayer smectic A structure (SmA.sub.1), which shows a phase transition from a smectic A phase to an isotropic phase (SmA-Iso) or a phase transition from a smectic A phase through a nematic phase to an isotropic phase (SmA-N-Iso) and includes at least two fluorinated compounds selected from the families of fluorinated derivatives of biphenyls and terphenyls expressed by the general formulae 1-12.

For ensuring of the high level of the conductivity the composition is doped with the ionic amidynium salts and/or the ionic potassium complexes of the crown ethers wherein the charge on the cation is delocalized. Such a structure of the ionic compound ensures the better solubility in the liquid crystalline fluorinated composition in comparison to that observed for quaternary ammonium salts.

For writing of the information the dynamic scattering effect (DS) was used, where the transition from a opaque (milky) state to a clear (transparent) state or reversal process is obtained by the change of the frequency of a driving alternating electric field.

The modification of the properties of the smectic A composition by adding of further components such as fluorinated four ring liquid crystal compounds or pyrimidine compounds or cyanocompounds is described.

A polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, a liquid crystal composition for an optical element comprising the same, a polymer polymerized from the same, an optically anisotropic body comprising a cured material or polymerized reactant of the liquid crystal composition or the polymer, and an optical element for a display device comprising the optical anisotropic body are disclosed herein.

To suppress a phenomenon where an optical axis of the optically anisotropic layer is tilted when the optically anisotropic layer is produced by using a liquid crystalline compound showing smectic phase as a materials showing a higher level of orderliness. An optically anisotropic layer wherein a polymerizable composition, containing one or more polymerizable rod-like liquid crystal compound showing a smectic phase, is fixed in a state of smectic phase, and a direction of maximum refractive index of the optically anisotropic layer is inclined at 10 or smaller to the surface of the optically anisotropic layer, a method for manufacturing the same, a laminate and a method for manufacturing the same, a polarizing plate, a liquid crystal display device, and an organic EL display device.

The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display (LCD) of the polymer stabilized ultra fast (PS-UF) twisted nematic (TN) mode, to an LCD obtained by this method and to an LC medium used therein.

An object of the present invention is to provide a composition that realizes high n, has a wide liquid crystal phase temperature range, small viscosity, excellent low-temperature solubility, and high resistivity and voltage holding ratio, and is stable against heat and light, and to provide a liquid crystal composition having an excellent lens effect and excellent chemical stability using the composition, and a liquid crystal display device and a liquid crystal lens that use the liquid crystal composition. The present invention provides a liquid crystal composition that contains one or two or more compounds represented by general formula (i) and one or two or more compounds represented by general formula (ii), a liquid crystal display device using the liquid crystal composition, a liquid crystal lens using the liquid crystal composition, and a birefringence lens for stereoscopic image display using the liquid crystal composition.

To suppress a phenomenon where an optical axis of the optically anisotropic layer is tilted when the optically anisotropic layer is produced by using a liquid crystalline compound showing smectic phase as a materials showing a higher level of orderliness. An optically anisotropic layer wherein a polymerizable composition, containing one or more polymerizable rod-like liquid crystal compound showing a smectic phase, is fixed in a state of smectic phase, and a direction of maximum refractive index of the optically anisotropic layer is inclined at 10 or smaller to the surface of the optically anisotropic layer, a method for manufacturing the same, a laminate and a method for manufacturing the same, a polarizing plate, a liquid crystal display device, and an organic EL display device.

An object is to provide a polymerizable liquid crystal compound, a polymerizable liquid crystal composition containing the compound and liquid crystal polymerization film-kind capable of controlling chromatic dispersion characteristics and having low positive chromatic dispersion characteristics. An aspect can be exemplified in which the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is represented by formula (1): ##STR00001## in which, in formula (1), G is a group composed of a quinoline skeleton, an isoquinoline skeleton, a quinoxaline skeleton or a quinazoline skeleton, A.sup.1 is 1,4-phenylene or 1,4-cyclohexylene, Z.sup.1 is a connecting group, m is an integer from 0 to 3, and R.sup.1 is a group containing a polymerizable group.

An electro-polarizable compound has the following general formula: ##STR00001##
Core1 is an aromatic polycyclic conjugated molecule having two-dimensional flat form and that self-assembles to form supramolecular structures. R1 are electron donor groups connected to Core1 and R1 are electron acceptor groups connected to Corel, m is number of acceptor groups R1, m is a number of donor groups R. The numbers m and m are equal to 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, but both m and m are not both equal to 0. R2 is a substituent comprising one or more ionic groups connected to Core1 directly or via a connecting group; a number p of ionic groups R2 is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. The fragment marked NLE has a nonlinear effect of polarization. Core2 is a self-assembling electro-conductive oligomer, a number n of the such oligomers is 0, 2, or 4. R3 is a substituent comprising one or more ionic groups connected to Core2; a number s of the ionic groups R3 is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. R4 is a resistive substituent electrically insulating the supramolecular structures from each other. A number k of substituents R4 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.

To suppress a phenomenon where an optical axis of the optically anisotropic layer is tilted when the optically anisotropic layer is produced by using a liquid crystalline compound showing smectic phase as a materials showing a higher level of orderliness. An optically anisotropic layer wherein a polymerizable composition, containing one or more polymerizable rod-like liquid crystal compound showing a smectic phase, is fixed in a state of smectic phase, and a direction of maximum refractive index of the optically anisotropic layer is inclined at 10 or smaller to the surface of the optically anisotropic layer, a method for manufacturing the same, a laminate and a method for manufacturing the same, a polarizing plate, a liquid crystal display device, and an organic EL display device.