The present application provides a liquid crystal material, a method of fabricating a liquid crystal display panel, and a liquid crystal display panel. The liquid crystal material of the present application includes liquid crystal molecules, polymerizable monomers and a vertical alignment agent, the polymerizable monomers and the vertical alignment agent can occur a polymerization under ultraviolet irradiation to form a polymer, while the polymer deposits on a substrate to form a polymer film capable of replacing the PI alignment film; so that an alignment process of the liquid crystal is simplified, a cost is economized. The method of fabricating the liquid crystal display panel of the present application eliminates the fabricating process of the alignment film, the method has simple process and low cost. The liquid crystal display panel utilizes the polymer film, which is obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable monomers and the vertical alignment agent, to replace the alignment film, that not only meets the aspect of liquid crystal alignment, but also prevent impurity ions in the TFT and CF substrates to diffuse into the liquid crystal layer, so as to greatly enhance quality of the panel, and to have a low fabricating cost.

To show a liquid crystal compound satisfying at least one of physical properties such as a high stability to heat, light or the like, a high clearing point, a low minimum temperature of a liquid crystal phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant and an excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, a liquid crystal composition containing the compound and a liquid crystal display device including the composition. A compound represented by formula (1): ##STR00001## wherein, in formula (1), for example, R.sup.1 is alkyl having 1 to 15 carbons; ring A.sup.1 and ring A.sup.2 are 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene in which at least one piece of hydrogen is replaced by halogen, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl; Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are a single bond or CF.sub.2O; L.sup.1, L.sup.2 and L.sup.3 are halogen or hydrogen; and a is 0 to 3.

The instant invention relates to mesogenic media comprising one or more compounds of formula G ##STR00001##
wherein the parameters are as specified in the text, preferably to mesogenic media showing a blue phase, preferably stabilised by a polymer, and their use in electro-optical light modulation elements and their respective use in displays, as well as to such devices.

The present invention relates to a liquid-crystal medium which comprises a component A which consists of one or more compounds selected from the group of the formulae I-M and I-U ##STR00001##
in which the parameters have the respective meanings given in the claims or in the text, and to the corresponding, novel mesogenic compounds and to the preparation thereof. The present invention likewise relates to the use of these liquid-crystal media, in particular in components for high-frequency technology, and to components of this type which contain media according to the invention, and to the production and use of these components. The components according to the invention are suitable, in particular, as phase shifters in the microwave and millimeter wave region, for microwave and millimeter wave array antennae and very particularly for so-called tuneable reflectarrays.

A main object of the present invention is to provide a birefringence improving agent that can realize a satisfactory white display even in a liquid crystal display device in which a ferroelectric liquid crystal composition is used and which can reduce the birefringence and has a large cell gap; a ferroelectric liquid crystal composition and a liquid crystal display device that use the birefringence improving agent; and a compound that can be used in a ferroelectric liquid crystal composition.

The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium which comprises at least one compound of the formula I,

##STR00001##

in which
R.sup.1, R.sup.1*, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2 and L.sup.1-3 have the meanings defined herein,
and to the use thereof for an active-matrix display, in particular based on the VA, PSA, PS-VA, PALC, FFS, PS-FFS, PS-IPS or IPS effect.

Provided is a liquid crystal compound satisfying at least one of physical properties such as high stability to heat, light or the like, a high clearing point, low minimum temperature of a liquid crystal phase, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy and large dielectric anisotropy, a liquid crystal composition containing the compound, and a liquid crystal display device including the composition.

A compound is represented by formula (1).

##STR00001##

In formula (1), for example, R.sup.1 is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons; ring A.sup.1, ring A.sup.2 and ring A.sup.3 are independently

##STR00002##

in which, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are independently O or CH.sub.2; Y.sup.1 is fluorine, CF.sub.3 or OCF.sub.3; Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.3 are independently a single bond, CF.sub.2O or COO; Z.sup.2 is a single bond, CF.sub.2O or COO; L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 are independently hydrogen or halogen; a is 0, 1, 2 or 3; and n.sup.1 and n.sup.2 are independently 0, 1 or 2.

Provided is a polar compound that has high chemical stability and high capability of aligning liquid crystal molecules, and has a large voltage holding ratio when used in a liquid crystal display device.

The compound represented by formula (1) is applied.

##STR00001##

For example, R.sup.1 is alkyl having 1 to 15 carbons; rings A.sup.1 to A.sup.5 are 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.5 are a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons; a and b are 0 to 4, and a sum of a and b is 4 or less; d is 1 to 4; c and e are 0 to 4; P.sup.1 to P.sup.3 are a polymerizable group represented by formulas (P-1) to (P-5):

##STR00002##

in which M.sup.1 to M.sup.3 are hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 5 carbons; and R.sup.2 is a group represented by formulas (1a) to (1c):

##STR00003##

in which Sp.sup.1 to Sp.sup.5 are a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons; S.sup.1 is >CH; S.sup.2 is >C<; and X.sup.1 is OH.

Reactive mesogens (RMs), mixtures and formulations comprising RMs, polymers obtained from such RMs and RM mixtures, and the use of the RMs, RM mixtures and polymers in optical or electrooptical components or devices, like optical films for liquid crystal displays (LCDs).

An object of the present invention is to provide a dye compound-containing liquid crystal composition that has high solubility and high solubility retention for the dye compound and has high light resistance and a device including the composition. The use of a combination of one or two or more predetermined alkenyl compounds and a compound including a predetermined difluoro structure can provide a dye compound-containing liquid crystal composition that has high solubility and high solubility retention for the dye compound and has high light resistance, and the dye compound-containing liquid crystal composition is useful for devices, in particular, photochromic devices.