This disclosure relates to compositions and methods of making an additized fuel composition comprising a base fuel composition and a randomly branched nitrate composition. The randomly branched nitrate composition includes a plurality of primary nitrate molecules, each molecule therein having an empirical chemical formula of C.sub.nNO.sub.3, wherein C.sub.n is a branched aliphatic moiety which may be the same or different for each molecule, n is an integer selected from the group consisting of 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, at least one carbon atom in the branched aliphatic moiety being bound to three or more carbon atoms, a branching index ranging from 1.8 to 2.2, and greater than 80% of the branches in the aliphatic moiety being in other than the alpha position. The additized fuel composition may be diesel fuel composition or a gasoline fuel composition.

Endothermic fuel compositions comprising 50% or more by volume decahydronaphthalene, including cis-decahydronaphthalene, trans-decahydronaphthalene or a mixture thereof, for use as fuels in hypersonic vehicles and particularly for use in dual-mode ramjet or supersonic combustion ramjet air breathing engines.

Disclosed is a blended gasoline composition having an AKI of 87. The formulation of the blended gasoline composition leads to a reduction in carbon dioxide emission. The blended gasoline composition contains a reduced concentration of olefins and non-amine aromatics.

A method of producing a fuel additive includes: passing a first process stream comprising C4 hydrocarbons through a methyl tertiary butyl ether synthesis unit producing a first recycle stream; passing the first recycle stream through a hydration unit producing the fuel additive and a second recycle stream; passing the second recycle stream through a recycle hydrogenation unit and a deisobutanizer unit; and recycling the second recycle stream to the methyl tertiary butyl ether synthesis unit.

A method and apparatus for mixing additives into a fluid fuel at a predictable concentration. The method involves taking a sample of the fuel; mixing the additive into the sample in metered proportions; testing the sample to determine that the correct amount of additive is present; storing the remaining fuel until it is time for the fuel to be used; and mixing the additive into the remainder of the fuel in the same metered proportions.

An octane-enhancing additive includes a mixed butanol composition, sec-butyl ether, methanol, methyl tert-butyl ether, and a C4-dimer, the mixed butanol composition comprising sec-butanol and tert-butanol, and the C4-dimer comprising di-isobutylene, 2,2,4 trimethylpentane, 2,3,3 trimethylpentane, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.

A fuel composition and fluid regulation apparatus are provided for an improved fuel composition and distribution. The fuel composition may include or relate to a fluid regulation apparatus, flow component, electronic controller, regulator covers, roller clip mechanism, filling head, feeder stem and distributor. A method to operate an improved fuel composition and/or fluid regulation apparatus is also provided.

Improved fuel compositions and fuel additive packages which serve to prolong stability at various ambient conditions and to increase fuel efficiency and fuel economy while also significantly reducing the level of multiple emissions constituents generated upon combustion of the fuels including CO.sub.2, NO.sub.X, SO.sub.X, Particulate Matter PM2.5, PM10 and Black Carbon. The fuels may include the hydrocarbon fuels gasolines, diesel fuels, biodiesel fuels, biomass diesel fuels, renewable fuels, synthetic fuels, algae-based fuels, kerosene fuel or heavy fuel oils, or may alternatively be hydrosols, and include an additive package having a sorbitan oleate, a polyoxyethylene alcohol, an alkylene glycol, and an amine. The fuels are mixed with an additive and are emulsified with clean, soft water having a water quality of 1 micron or less.

A clean, high efficient and environmentally friendly gasoline product with main fractions of C6-C11 has a low octane rating and a low spontaneous ignition temperature. It can be compressively ignited within an internal combustion engine with a compression ratio of 16-19. Small amount of ethanol or dimethyl ether can be added into the gasoline product.

Fuels, hydraulic fluids and lubricants made of or comprising a portion of renewable hydrocarbon raw materials, as well as biodegradable fuels, hydraulic fluids and lubricants are known to support microbial growth. Highly toxicorganic biocides have been added to reduce microbial growth. The use of such biocides can now be avoided, by instead using a stable solution of boric acid in a solvent, the boric acid being completely dissolved or at least free from any particles larger than 100 nm in size, and adding this solution to the fuel, hydraulic fluid or lubricant to give a final concentration of boron in the range of 1-100 ppm, preferably 1-50 ppm in the product. While preventing microbial growth, the addition of boron also reduces corrosion, in particular microbiologically induced corrosion (MIC).