The use of a three-way combination of additives comprising (B)(i) a metal (C.sub.10 to C.sub.40)hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate detergent; (B)(ii) a poly(C.sub.2 to C.sub.6)alkenyl-substituted anhydride or poly(C.sub.2 to C.sub.6)alkenyl-substituted acid; and (B)(iii) an aliphatic hydrocarbyl acid amide, or an aliphatic hydrocarbyl acid imide, or a combination thereof, to inhibit asphaltene precipitation from crude oil.

A carrier fluid or fluidizer for use in fuel performance additives or fuels including such additives is described herein. The novel carrier fluids include a unique blend of alkoxylated alcohols or polyols providing unexpected performance improvements to fuel performance additives and fuels incorporating the additives. The carrier fluids, when combined with at least a detergent, provide desired valve stick performance and unexpectedly improve the intake valve deposit performance at the same time.

The present invention relates to novel uses of corrosion inhibitors in fuels and lubricants.

Quaternary ammonium salts of formula: wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is independently selected from an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group having less than 8 carbon atoms, R together with N forms an aliphatic or aromatic heterocycle having less than 12 carbons atoms and R.sup.5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarhyl group. The use of these compounds as fuel or lubricant additives, especially as diesel fuel additives,

The present invention relates to novel uses of corrosion inhibitors in fuels and lubricants.

A method of making cerium dioxide nanoparticles includes: a) providing an aqueous reaction mixture having a source of cerous ion, a source of hydroxide ion, a nanoparticle stabilizer, and an oxidant at an initial temperature no higher than about 20 C.; b) mechanically shearing the mixture and causing it to pass through a perforated screen, thereby forming a suspension of cerium hydroxide nanoparticles; and c) raising the initial temperature to achieve oxidation of cerous ion to eerie ion and thereby form cerium dioxide nanoparticles having a mean diameter in the range of about 1 nm to about 15 nm. The cerium dioxide nanoparticles may be formed in a continuous process.

This invention relates to malienated derivatives made from maleic anhydride, functionalized monomers, and one or more additional reagents, e.g., an oxygen-containing reagent (e.g., alcohol, polyol), a nitrogen-containing reagent (e.g., amine, polyamine, aminoalcohol), a metal and/or a metal compound. The invention relates to lubricants, functional fluids, fuels, dispersants, detergents and functional compositions (e.g., cleaning solutions, food compositions, etc.)

This disclosure relates to sulfurized derivatives made from functionalized monomers. The disclosure relates to lubricants, functional fluids, fuels, dispersants, detergents and functional compositions (e.g., cleaning solutions, food compositions, etc.)

This invention relates to compositions and methods for inhibiting corrosion and deposit formation in fuel handling equipment, with reduced or eliminated incidence of fuel filter plugging and internal diesel injector deposits (IDID) in the equipment that eventually employs the final commercially blended form of the fuel. More specifically, the invention relates to inhibiting corrosion from the walls of fuel pipelines and storage equipment and preventing deposits in engines.

Methods for improving the injector performance, unsticking fuel injectors, and reducing an amount of alkali metal carboxylate deposits on internal components of fuel injectors. The method includes operating the diesel engine on a fuel composition comprising a major amount of diesel fuel and from about 45 to about 550 ppm by weight based on a total weight of fuel composition of a fuel additive consisting essentially of a compound of the formula ##STR00001##
wherein R is an alkyl or alkenyl group containing from 20 to 170 carbon atoms. The additive has a total acid number (TAN) ranging from about 50 to about 290 mg KOH/g. Fuel injectors of the fuel injected diesel engine have an average injector hole diameter of less than 160 m and an average smallest clearance between injector needle and injector barrel/casing of less than about 10 m.