The present invention relates to a composition for scavenging hydrogen sulphide and/or mercaptans in hydrocarbon streams, the composition comprising at least one oxazolidine compounds and at least one alkanolamine allowing boosting the effect of the oxazolidine compound.

The invention relates to the use of quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel and lubricant additive or kerosene additive, such as in particular as a detergent additive, for decreasing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in common rail injection systems, for decreasing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular of diesel engines having common rail injection systems, and for minimizing the power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in diesel engines having common rail injection systems; the invention further relates to the use as an additive for petrol, in particular for operation of DISI engines.

Technologies for combusting hazardous compounds such as chemical warfare agents and related compounds are disclosed. In embodiments, the technologies include systems and methods for combusting such compounds in an internal combustion engine, such as a spark ignition internal combustion engine, a diesel engine, or the like. The technologies described herein further include components for treating an exhaust gas stream produced by combustion of hazardous compounds. In embodiments such components include a scrubber that utilizes a scrubbing media such as soil to removing acid gases from the exhaust stream.

A fuel additive composition comprising an anthocyanidin; an amino acid; and a catalyst. The anthocyanidin may comprise delphinidin chloride. The amino acid may comprise aspartic acid, leucine acid, glutamic acid, a non-natural amino acid, or a combination thereof. Embodiments of the present invention also relate to a method for making of fuel additive, the method comprising: providing an anthocyanidin; contacting the anthocyanidin with an amino acid to form an anthocyanidin-amino acid mixture; contacting the anthocyanidin-amino acid mixture with a catalyst. The method may further comprise contacting the anthocyanidin-amino acid mixture with ethanol and/or an acid. The method may further comprise adjusting the pH of the anthocyanidin-amino acid mixture to less than 7.

A method for producing a clean gasoline from a light hydrocarbon fraction is disclosed. The method includes two main steps including desulfurization of a light hydrocarbon fraction along with enhancing octane number of the desulfurized light hydrocarbon fraction. The octane number of the desulfurized hydrocarbon fraction is enhanced by applying a hormone-modified additive.

Lubricity additives for fuels compositions are provided which are hydrocarbyl-containing oxygenated polyamines according to Formula I:

##STR00001##

wherein one or more of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 is a carbon- and oxygen-containing group including a hydrophobic hydrocarbyl portion.

A quaternary ammonium compound of formula (X):

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.0, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is each individually an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group and R includes an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl moiety having at least 5 carbon atoms.

Fuel and lubricant compositions are provided that contain a primary low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI)-reducing additive comprising (i) an amino additive, (ii) an amine additive, (iii) a triazole additive, (iv) a benzamidinium additive, (v) a benzoxazole additive, or (vi) a NCX motif additive. Methods for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition events in spark-ignited engines using these compositions are also provided.

A fuel composition, a lubricant composition, and methods for reducing friction or wear of moving parts. The fuel composition includes gasoline and from about 10 to about 500 ppm by weight of a dialkylaminoalkanol of the formula R.sup.1(R.sup.2)NCH.sub.2CH(R.sup.3)R.sup.4. The lubricant composition includes base oil of lubricating viscosity and from about 0.05 to about 5.0 weight percent of a dialkylaminoalkanol of the formula R.sup.1(R.sup.2)NCH.sub.2CH(R.sup.3)R.sup.4. In the above formulas wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group or a hydroxy alkyl group containing from 8 to 50 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 is an alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R.sup.3 is selected from H and OH; and R.sup.4 is selected from H, an alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and CH.sub.2OH and wherein at least one of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 contains a hydroxyl group and provided that when R.sup.1 is a hydroxyalkyl group, R.sup.3 is OH and R.sup.4 is CH.sub.2OH.

The invention relates to the use of quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel and lubricant additive or kerosene additive, such as in particular as a detergent additive, for decreasing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in common rail injection systems, for decreasing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular of diesel engines having common rail injection systems, and for minimizing the power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in diesel engines having common rail injection systems; the invention further relates to the use as an additive for petrol, in particular for operation of DISI engines.