A quaternary ammonium compound of formula (I): (I) wherein R.sup.0, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is each independently an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, X is a linking group, R.sup.4 is an optionally substituted alkylene group, R5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group, and n is 0 or a positive integer, provided that n is not 0 when R5 is hydrogen.

##STR00001##

A quaternary ammonium salt of formula (I): (I) where in X is a linking group; Y is O, NH or NR.sup.1 wherein R.sup.1is H or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group; Q.sup. is a moiety that includes a quaternary ammoniumcation; A.sup. is an anion; R.sup.2 is an optionally substituted alkylene group; R.sup.3 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group; and n is 0 or a positive integer; provided that n is not 0 when R.sup.3 is hydrogen.

##STR00001##

Method for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition events in a spark-ignited internal combustion engine is provided. The method includes supplying to the engine the lubricant composition comprising a primary additive having a structure given by

##STR00001## or a salt thereof. R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently H, C.sub.1-C.sub.20 hydrocarbyl group, carboxyl group, ester, amide, ketone, ether, or hydroxyl group. R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently H, C.sub.1-C.sub.20 hydrocarbyl group, carboxyl group, ester, amide, ketone, ether, amino, or hydroxyl group or wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are part of a cyclic group. R.sub.5 is C.sub.1-C.sub.100 hydrocarbyl group, carboxyl group, ether, or hydroxyl group. Lastly, p is 0 to 2, n is 1 to 5, m is 0 to 2, and p+n+m is less than 6.

At least one nitrogen-containing detergent to reduce the filter blocking tendency of a fuel composition having a tendency to block filters. The fuel composition includes a renewable diesel component and a biodiesel component.

At least one nitrogen-containing detergent to reduce the filter blocking tendency of a fuel composition having a tendency to block filters. The fuel composition includes a renewable diesel component and a biodiesel component.

Fuel and lubricant compositions are provided that contain a primary low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI)-reducing additive comprising (i) an amino additive, (ii) an amine additive, (iii) a triazole additive, (iv) a benzamidinium additive, (v) a benzoxazole additive, or (vi) a NCX motif additive. Methods for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition events in spark-ignited engines using these compositions are also provided.

Compositions including a vegetable- or animal-derived oil, such as fatty acid alkyl esters, are stabilized against oxidation using an oxygenated aminophenol antioxidant. The aminophenol includes one or two carbon-containing group(s) including a hydroxyl group and/or ether group separated from the N atom by one or more carbon atoms. The oxygenated aminophenol antioxidants effective at controlling oxidation at moderate and even low amounts, useful in a variety of different oil and methyl ester fatty acid preparations, and were effective at elevated temperatures, and performed significantly better than convention antioxidants.

A synergistic mixture comprising from 1 to 99.9% by weight of compounds having structural elements (I) ##STR00001##
in which the free valencies on the oxygen atom and on the nitrogen atom may be combined to form a five-, six- or seven-membered ring and the benzene ring may also bear substituents at one or more of the free positions, and from 0.1 to 99% by weight of sulfur-containing organic compounds with antioxidant action. This synergistic mixture is suitable as a stabilizer for stabilizing inanimate organic material, especially mineral oil products and fuels, against the action of light, oxygen and heat.

Method for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition events in a spark-ignited internal combustion engine is provided. The method includes supplying to the engine a fuel composition comprising a primary additive having a structure given by

##STR00001##

or a salt thereof. R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently H, C.sub.1-C.sub.20 hydrocarbyl group, carboxyl group, ester, amide, ketone, ether, or hydroxyl group. R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently H, C.sub.1-C.sub.20 hydrocarbyl group, carboxyl group, ester, amide, ketone, ether, amino, or hydroxyl group or wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are part of a cyclic group. R.sub.5 is C.sub.1-C.sub.100 hydrocarbyl group, carboxyl group, ether, or hydroxyl group. Lastly, p is 0 to 2, n is 1 to 5, m is 0 to 2, and p+n+m is less than 6.

A synergistic mixture comprising from 1 to 99.9% by weight of compounds having structural elements (I) ##STR00001##
in which the free valencies on the oxygen atom and on the nitrogen atom may be combined to form a five-, six- or seven-membered ring and the benzene ring may also bear substituents at one or more of the free positions, and from 0.1 to 99% by weight of sulfur-containing organic compounds with antioxidant action. This synergistic mixture is suitable as a stabilizer for stabilizing inanimate organic material, especially mineral oil products and fuels, against the action of light, oxygen and heat.