A radiation-assisted (typically solar-assisted) electrolyzer cell and panel for high-efficiency hydrogen production comprises a photoelectrode and electrode pair, with said photoelectrode comprising either a photoanode electrically coupled to a cathode shared with an anode, or a photocathode electrically coupled to an anode shared with a cathode; electrolyte; gas separators; all within a container divided into two chambers by said shared cathode or shared anode, and at least a portion of which is transparent to the electromagnetic radiation required by said photoanode (or photocathode) to apply photovoltage to a shared cathode (or anode) that increases the electrolysis current and hydrogen production.

Disclosed is a high temperature-type unitized regenerative fuel cell using water vapor, which exhibits high hydrogen (H.sub.2) production efficiency and superior power generation ability.

This titanium base material has a base material body formed of titanium or a titanium alloy, in which a Magneli phase titanium oxide film formed of a Magneli phase titanium oxide represented by a chemical formula Ti.sub.nO.sub.2n-1 (4n10) is formed on a surface of the base material body. Here, the Magneli phase titanium oxide film preferably contains at least one or both of Ti.sub.4O.sub.7 and Ti.sub.5O.sub.9.

An electrode for gas evolution in electrolytic processes having a metal substrate and a coating formed on the substrate, the coating having at least a catalytic porous outer layer containing regions of porous nickel oxide dispersed within a solid nickel oxide binder, and a method for the production of the electrode from preformed nickel vanadium oxide particles.

An electrode for gas evolution in electrolytic processes having a metal substrate and a coating formed on the substrate, the coating having at least a catalytic porous outer layer containing regions of porous nickel oxide dispersed within a solid nickel oxide binder, and a method for the production of the electrode from preformed nickel vanadium oxide particles.

An alkaline electrolyte membrane (AEM) electrolytic device is designed, assembled and evaluated for water electrolysis, composed of an anode for oxygen generation, a cathode for hydrogen generation, an AEM for anion conductive, and two internal water gas separators (IWGSs) for water supplying to the anode and the cathode, respectively, as well as for automatically separation of water and gas produced from the anode or from the cathode. There is no need of pumps for water and gas circulations and no external water gas separators (EWGSs) that are used by conventional water electrolyzers. The corrosive electrolyte is confined in the water containers and will not damage other parts in the electrolytic device. Furthermore, novel multi gas diffusion layers are used to replace the conventional single gas diffusion layer. The pore size is configurable to improve the mass transfer of electrochemical reactions and promote electrochemical reactions.

An alkaline electrolyte membrane (AEM) electrolytic device is designed, assembled and evaluated for water electrolysis, composed of an anode for oxygen generation, a cathode for hydrogen generation, an AEM for anion conductive, and two internal water gas separators (IWGSs) for water supplying to the anode and the cathode, respectively, as well as for automatically separation of water and gas produced from the anode or from the cathode. There is no need of pumps for water and gas circulations and no external water gas separators (EWGSs) that are used by conventional water electrolyzers. The corrosive electrolyte is confined in the water containers and will not damage other parts in the electrolytic device. Furthermore, novel multi gas diffusion layers are used to replace the conventional single gas diffusion layer. The pore size is configurable to improve the mass transfer of electrochemical reactions and promote electrochemical reactions.

Disclosed are an oxidizing electrode, a water electrolysis device including the same and a method for manufacturing the same. According to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided an oxidizing electrode with improved performance at low loadings of noble metals, especially, ruthenium (Ru) and iridium oxide, in which a ruthenium (Ru) layer and an iridium oxide layer formed on a substrate by electrodeposition in a sequential order are supported by electrochemical reaction rather than physical bonding.

Disclosed are an oxidizing electrode, a water electrolysis device including the same and a method for manufacturing the same. According to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided an oxidizing electrode with improved performance at low loadings of noble metals, especially, ruthenium (Ru) and iridium oxide, in which a ruthenium (Ru) layer and an iridium oxide layer formed on a substrate by electrodeposition in a sequential order are supported by electrochemical reaction rather than physical bonding.

[Problem] To provide an electrode manufacturing method and an electrode manufacturing device with high productivity, and an electrode obtained therewith.

[Solution] Provided is an electrode manufacturing method, comprising performing pyrolysis while simultaneously directly spraying a coating liquid onto a heated substrate to form a catalytic layer or intermediate layer on the substrate.