A method for purifying a waste N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) mixed solution according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes using a base. The base according to an embodiment may be NaBH.sub.4. N-methylsuccinimide and γ-butyrolactone are simultaneously removed, and high-purity NMP can be recovered by applying a base to the waste NMP mixed solution.

Provided is a catalyst for amide compound hydrogenation characterized in that rhodium and molybdenum are supported on hydroxyapatite, the catalyst for amide compound hydrogenation providing a catalyst that can promote a reduction reaction that converts an amide compound into an amine compound, can be used under moderate conditions, and has durability that allows repeated use thereof while retaining high activity. Also provided is a method for producing an amine compound, the method being characterized by including bringing an amide compound into contact with the catalyst for amide compound hydrogenation to cause hydrogenation, thereby producing an amine compound.

The invention relates to compounds of Formula I″

##STR00001##

wherein R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, p, q and q′ are as defined herein, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, methods of treating coronavirus infection such as COVID-19 in a patient by administering therapeutically effective amounts of the compounds, and methods of inhibiting or preventing replication of coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2 with the compounds.

The present disclosure related to compounds that can be useful as inhibitors of PD-1, PD-L1 or the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Also disclosed herein are pharmaceutical compositions of that can include a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and uses of or methods of using a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment of PD-L1 related diseases including but not limited to liver diseases, cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, viral diseases, or hepatitis B.

The present disclosure related to compounds that can be useful as inhibitors of PD-1, PD-L1 or the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Also disclosed herein are pharmaceutical compositions of that can include a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and uses of or methods of using a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment of PD-L1 related diseases including but not limited to liver diseases, cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, viral diseases, or hepatitis B.

The present invention relates to an organic compound that can enhance the light efficiency of light extracted to the outside of an organic light-emitting element due to having a low refractive index, and thus can be effectively utilized as a material for a light efficiency improving layer provided in the organic light-emitting element. The compound according to the present invention can be employed in the light efficiency improving layer to achieve a high-efficiency, long-lifespan organic light-emitting element having improved light-emitting efficiency, color purity, and lifespan characteristics, as well as low-voltage driving characteristics, and thus can be effectively used in various lighting and display elements.

The present invention relates to an organic compound that can enhance the light efficiency of light extracted to the outside of an organic light-emitting element due to having a low refractive index, and thus can be effectively utilized as a material for a light efficiency improving layer provided in the organic light-emitting element. The compound according to the present invention can be employed in the light efficiency improving layer to achieve a high-efficiency, long-lifespan organic light-emitting element having improved light-emitting efficiency, color purity, and lifespan characteristics, as well as low-voltage driving characteristics, and thus can be effectively used in various lighting and display elements.

Provided herein, inter alia, are compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and methods related to the treatment of viral infections caused by coronavirus or enterovirus. Provided herein are compounds of Formula (I), (II) and (III)

##STR00001##

and methods of using the compounds for therapy. These compounds are peptidomimetics that inhibit protease 3CL of a coronavirus, and are useful for treating conditions caused by viral infections, including COVID-19.

Provided herein, inter alia, are compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and methods related to the treatment of viral infections caused by coronavirus or enterovirus. Provided herein are compounds of Formula (I), (II) and (III) ##STR00001##
and methods of using the compounds for therapy. These compounds are peptidomimetics that inhibit protease 3CL of a coronavirus, and are useful for treating conditions caused by viral infections, including COVID-19.

Provided are compounds of Formula (II): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1, n, and Y1 are as defined herein. Also provided is a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising a compound of Formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Also provided are methods of using a compound of Formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

##STR00001##