This disclosure provides methods for intermolecular enantioselective C-acylation of lactams with quaternary stereogenic centers by applying a chiral Ni catalyst. The methods comprise treating a lactam with a chiral Ni catalyst, an aryl nitrile, and an aryl halide.

This disclosure provides methods for intermolecular enantioselective C-acylation of lactams with quaternary stereogenic centers by applying a chiral Ni catalyst. The methods comprise treating a lactam with a chiral Ni catalyst, an aryl nitrile, and an aryl halide.

The present invention relates to various organic reactions including a method for producing heterocyclic compounds using a [3+2] annulation; a method for producing fluorinated heteroaromatic compounds; and a method for alkylating a meta-position of a phenolic compound.

Disclosed are compounds of Formula 1, including all stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof ##STR00001##
wherein W, R.sup.1, J, Q.sup.1, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, Y, R.sup.9 and are as defined in the disclosure. Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formula 1 and methods for controlling undesired vegetation comprising contacting the undesired vegetation or its environment with an effective amount of a compound or a composition of the invention.

Disclosed are compounds of Formula 1, including all stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof ##STR00001##
wherein W, R.sup.1, J, Q.sup.1, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, Y, R.sup.9 and are as defined in the disclosure. Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formula 1 and methods for controlling undesired vegetation comprising contacting the undesired vegetation or its environment with an effective amount of a compound or a composition of the invention.

The present invention relates to a process for synthesizing a compound (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which is useful for prophylaxis and treatment of a viral disease in a patient relating to hepatitis B infection or a disease caused by hepatitis B infection.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a process for synthesizing a compound (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which is useful for prophylaxis and treatment of a viral disease in a patient relating to hepatitis B infection or a disease caused by hepatitis B infection.

##STR00001##

Disclosed are compounds of Formula 1, including all stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, Q.sup.1, Q.sup.2, Y.sup.1, and Y.sup.2 are as defined in the disclosure. Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formula 1 and methods for controlling undesired vegetation comprising contacting the undesired vegetation or its environment with an effective amount of a compound or a composition of the invention.

Disclosed are compounds of Formula 1, including all stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, Q.sup.1, Q.sup.2, Y.sup.1, and Y.sup.2 are as defined in the disclosure. Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formula 1 and methods for controlling undesired vegetation comprising contacting the undesired vegetation or its environment with an effective amount of a compound or a composition of the invention.

Disclosed are compounds of Formula 1, including all stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, Q.sup.1, Q.sup.2, Y.sup.1, and Y.sup.2 are as defined in the disclosure. Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formula 1 and methods for controlling undesired vegetation comprising contacting the undesired vegetation or its environment with an effective amount of a compound or a composition of the invention.