The present invention provides a synthetic leather including at least a base (i), an adhesive layer (ii), and a skin layer (iii). The adhesive layer (ii) is formed of a urethane resin composition including a urethane resin (A) produced using an aromatic polyisocyanate (a1) as a raw material and water (B). The skin layer (iii) is formed of a urethane resin composition including an anionic urethane resin (X) having an anionic group concentration of 0.25 mmol/g or less, water (Y), and an anionic surfactant (Z). The aromatic polyisocyanate (a1) preferably includes toluene diisocyanate. The urethane resin (A) has an aromatic ring concentration of 0.1 to 2.5 mol/kg.

The present invention provides a synthetic leather including at least a base (i), an adhesive layer (ii), and a skin layer (iii). The adhesive layer (ii) is formed of a urethane resin composition including a urethane resin (A) produced using an aromatic polyisocyanate (a1) as a raw material and water (B). The skin layer (iii) is formed of a urethane resin composition including an anionic urethane resin (X) having an anionic group concentration of 0.25 mmol/g or less, water (Y), and an anionic surfactant (Z). The aromatic polyisocyanate (a1) preferably includes toluene diisocyanate. The urethane resin (A) has an aromatic ring concentration of 0.1 to 2.5 mol/kg.

A process for the preparation of a polyurethane dispersion with at least one extension agent B that has x hydroxyl groups and y amine groups, where x+y≥2 with x and y equal or larger than 0, and that has an additional functional group that is capable of forming a salt, such that the dispersion of the polyurethane has a solids content of at least 50 weight percent and does not contain acetone or other solvents or amines that have a boiling point of below 250° C.

A process for the preparation of a polyurethane dispersion with at least one extension agent B that has x hydroxyl groups and y amine groups, where x+y≥2 with x and y equal or larger than 0, and that has an additional functional group that is capable of forming a salt, such that the dispersion of the polyurethane has a solids content of at least 50 weight percent and does not contain acetone or other solvents or amines that have a boiling point of below 250° C.

An aqueous coating composition comprising an acrylic resin dispersion (A) having a core/shell structure and a melamine resin (B) comprising a hydrophobic melamine resin, wherein the acrylic resin dispersion (A) is a dispersion of a solution-polymerization product of a core part preparation monomer (a-1) and a shell part preparation monomer (a-2), wherein the shell part preparation monomer (a-2) comprises an acid group-containing polymerizable monomer. The aqueous coating composition exhibits a small viscosity change and can form a coating film having a superior coating film appearance, even when the amount of the solvent contained in the aqueous coating composition is reduced due to changes in the coating environment.

An aqueous coating composition comprising an acrylic resin dispersion (A) having a core/shell structure and a melamine resin (B) comprising a hydrophobic melamine resin, wherein the acrylic resin dispersion (A) is a dispersion of a solution-polymerization product of a core part preparation monomer (a-1) and a shell part preparation monomer (a-2), wherein the shell part preparation monomer (a-2) comprises an acid group-containing polymerizable monomer. The aqueous coating composition exhibits a small viscosity change and can form a coating film having a superior coating film appearance, even when the amount of the solvent contained in the aqueous coating composition is reduced due to changes in the coating environment.

The present invention provides an aqueous polyurethane dispersion (PUD) comprising an amorphous polyester having a glass transition temperature (T.sub.g) as determined by differential scanning calorimetry of less than −30° C.; wherein the aqueous polyurethane dispersion (PUD) has a glass transition temperature (T.sub.g) as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of 0° C. to 20° C. and a hard block content of greater than 50%. Coatings, adhesives, sealants, paints, primers and topcoats, made from the inventive aqueous polyurethane dispersion (PUD) pass detergent resistance testing according to the American Architectural Manufacturers Association's standard, AAMA 615-13, have a pencil hardness according to ASTM D3363 of at least 3H, and are particularly suited for use on low surface energy substrates such as vinyl and other surfaces including floors, windows, doors, window frames, door frames, window shutters, railing, gates, pillars, arbors, pergolas, trellises, gazebos, posts, fencing, pipes and fittings, wire and cable insulation, automobile components, credit cards, and siding.

The present invention provides an aqueous polyurethane dispersion (PUD) comprising an amorphous polyester having a glass transition temperature (T.sub.g) as determined by differential scanning calorimetry of less than −30° C.; wherein the aqueous polyurethane dispersion (PUD) has a glass transition temperature (T.sub.g) as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of 0° C. to 20° C. and a hard block content of greater than 50%. Coatings, adhesives, sealants, paints, primers and topcoats, made from the inventive aqueous polyurethane dispersion (PUD) pass detergent resistance testing according to the American Architectural Manufacturers Association's standard, AAMA 615-13, have a pencil hardness according to ASTM D3363 of at least 3H, and are particularly suited for use on low surface energy substrates such as vinyl and other surfaces including floors, windows, doors, window frames, door frames, window shutters, railing, gates, pillars, arbors, pergolas, trellises, gazebos, posts, fencing, pipes and fittings, wire and cable insulation, automobile components, credit cards, and siding.

Radiation curable aqueous compositions (I) with reduced photo-yellowing are provided. Said composition comprises water, at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound and at least one carboxylic acid hydrazide-containing compound (H) in an amount sufficient to reduce photo-yellowing. Materials of the invention have the advantage that they help to reduce photo-yellowing. They may have a beneficial effect on long term yellowing caused by weathering too. Compositions (I) of the invention allow a better quality control of products and materials just after cure. Materials of the invention can be used to make coatings, inks, paints, varnishes and adhesives and they are further suitable for the making of composites, gel coats, 3D-curing and the making of 3D-objects in general.

Radiation curable aqueous compositions (I) with reduced photo-yellowing are provided. Said composition comprises water, at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound and at least one carboxylic acid hydrazide-containing compound (H) in an amount sufficient to reduce photo-yellowing. Materials of the invention have the advantage that they help to reduce photo-yellowing. They may have a beneficial effect on long term yellowing caused by weathering too. Compositions (I) of the invention allow a better quality control of products and materials just after cure. Materials of the invention can be used to make coatings, inks, paints, varnishes and adhesives and they are further suitable for the making of composites, gel coats, 3D-curing and the making of 3D-objects in general.