Disclosed are polyol compositions with a low viscosity that exhibit superior heat resistance, enhanced stability in the presence of water, improved strength, hardness, and molding characteristics relative to known polyurethane materials. Disclosed is a polyol composition comprising: (a) at least one monomeric polyol comprising three or more hydroxyl groups; (b) at least one higher polyol comprising three or more hydroxyl groups; and (c) at least one polyhydroxylated aromatic compound; wherein the at least one higher polyol comprises residues of either or both of the at least one monomeric polyol and the polyhydroxylated aromatic compound linked by one or more carbonate groups, oxygen ether groups, or a combination thereof. Disclosed are methods of preparing the disclosed compositions. Disclosed are articles prepared from the disclosed compositions that exhibit flexural strengths in excess of 10,000 psi and flexural moduli in excess of 400,000 psi, and exhibit outstanding green strength.

There is provided an oligomeric polyol composition having (a) an oligomeric network containing residues of at least one polyhydroxylated aromatic compound and residues of at least one polyol having at least three hydroxyl groups; and (b) a plurality of peripheral groups having one or more pendant hydroxyl groups bound to the oligomeric network by a plurality of linking units. The residues of the polyol may optionally contain one or more oxygen ether groups, one or more amino ether groups, or both of one or more oxygen ether groups and one or more amino ether groups. Reaction of the oligomeric polyols with isocyanate monomers affords a new class of polyurethanes having superior heat and water resistance. The new polyurethanes exhibit lower peak exotherms, typically less than 250? F. during in-mold polymerization. Articles prepared from polyurethanes incorporating such oligomeric polyol compositions exhibit flexural strengths and moduli in excess of 10,000 psi and 400,000 psi respectively, and outstanding green strength.

There is provided an oligomeric polyol composition having (a) an oligomeric network containing residues of at least one polyhydroxylated aromatic compound and residues of at least one polyol having at least three hydroxyl groups; and (b) a plurality of peripheral groups having one or more pendant hydroxyl groups bound to the oligomeric network by a plurality of linking units. The residues of the polyol may optionally contain one or more oxygen ether groups, one or more amino ether groups, or both one or more oxygen ether groups and one or more amino ether groups. Reaction of the oligomeric polyols with isocyanate monomers affords a new class of polyurethanes having superior heat and water resistance. The new polyurethanes exhibit lower peak exotherms, typically less than 250? F. during in-mold polymerization. Articles prepared from polyurethanes incorporating such oligomeric polyol compositions exhibit flexural strengths and moduli in excess of 10,000 psi and 400,000 psi respectively, and outstanding green strength.

Provided is a coating composition containing: a hydroxyl group-containing resin (A), a curing agent (B), and cellulose nanocrystal particles (C), where a viscosity (V.sub.1) measured under conditions of a temperature of 25 C. and a shear rate of 1500 sec.sup.1 is in a range from 10 to 70 mPa.Math.s, and a viscosity (V.sub.2) measured under conditions of a temperature of 25 C. and a shear rate of 0.1 sec.sup.1 is in a range from 10000 to 50000 mPa.Math.s.

Foam composites and methods of preparation thereof are discussed. For example, the foam composite may include a polymeric material and a particulate filler, wherein the compressive strength of the foam composite is equal to or greater than 20 psi, the density is 4 pcf to 40 pcf, and wherein the thermal conductivity is equal to or less than 0.050 W/n K, the particulate filler may include fly ash. e.g., in an amount of about of 45% to about 75% by weight with respect to the total weight of the foam composite. The foam composite may be prepared from a mixture of a polyol, an isocyanate, the particulate filler, and a liquid blowing agent having a boiling point equal to or greater than 25 C. or 30 C.

A film-forming thermoset coating composition includes: (a) an aqueous medium; and Option 1 and/or Option 2 as follows: Option 1: (b1) polyurethane-acrylate core-shell particles including a polymeric acrylic core at least partially encapsulated by a polymeric shell including urethane linkages, where the polymeric shell includes an acid functional group and two or more hydrazide functional groups, where the polymeric shell is covalently bonded to at least a portion of the polymeric core; and (c1) (i) formaldehyde; (ii) polyformaldehyde; and/or (iii) a compound that generates formaldehyde; Option 2: (b2) polyurethane-acrylate core-shell particles including a polymeric acrylic core at least partially encapsulated by a polymeric shell including urethane linkages, where the polymeric shell includes an acid functional group and two or more N-methylolated hydrazide functional groups, where the polymeric shell is covalently bonded to at least a portion of the polymeric core.