A method for chemical upcycling of the resins containing ester bonds is described herein. The method comprises two steps: (1) The resins dissolved into a catalyst-solvent system via a network fragmentation strategy to generate non-crosslinked polymer fragment mixture with functional groups. (2) After introducing additives and reacting for predetermined time, a reconfigurable strong resin and a photocurable resin with repeated recyclability are obtained. The low energy consumption and cost, the high performance and economical value added of the regenerated productions, and the ease implement without changing the commodity products and manufacturing facilities make it attractive and suitable for the recycling of the resin wastes.

Liquid epoxy-based adhesive compositions are provided, which upon curing result in crash durable and stress resistant cured bonds on both steel and other materials, in particular metals such as aluminum; and in some embodiments are weldable in an uncured state; also provided are bonded assemblies comprising the cured epoxy-based adhesives, methods of making the liquid epoxy-based adhesives, methods of bonding assemblies and articles of manufacture comprising the bonded assemblies.

An object of the present invention is to provide a preparation method for improving the edge part rust prevention property in the preparation of a cationic electrodeposition coating composition containing a bismuth compound as a curing catalyst. The present invention provides a method for preparing a cationic electrodeposition coating composition, including a step of preparing a resin emulsion (i) containing an aminated resin (A) and a blocked isocyanate curing agent (B), a step of preparing a pigment dispersion paste (ii) containing a bismuth-metal oxide mixture liquid (C) containing a bismuth compound (c1), a metal oxide (c2), a monohydroxycarboxylic acid (c3) having 3 to 5 carbon atoms in total and a solvent; a pigment dispersion resin (D); a polyvalent acid (E); and a pigment (F), and a step of mixing the resin emulsion (i) and the pigment dispersion paste (ii).

A fluorine-free treating composition that includes Component A and at least one of Components B and C, wherein: Component (A) includes one or more polymeric compounds derived from the polymerization of at least one (meth)acrylate monomer comprising at least one hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 60 carbon atoms; Component (B) includes one or more compounds derived from reaction, in one or more steps, of components comprising: (i) at least one isocyanate-reactive oligomer comprising 2 to 20 repeating units, or an alcohol having at least one linear or branched hydrocarbon group having from 16 to 40 carbon atoms and optionally one or more ester groups; (ii) at least one polyisocyanate; (iii) optionally at least one additional isocyanate-reactive compound; and (iv) optionally at least one isocyanate blocking agent; and Component (C) includes one or more polycarbodiimide compounds.

Aqueous coating compositions are provided. The aqueous compositions include at least one type of organic polymer particles having an average particle size of 10 to 1000 nm, including isocyanate-reactive polymers (A), one or more ketoxime- and/or pyrazole-blocked polyisocyanates (B) including at least one aromatic hydrocarbyl radical or at least one cycloaliphatic hydrocarbyl radical, at least one polyanionic polymer (C), at least one complex fluoride (D) selected from the group consisting of hexa- or tetrafluorides of metallic elements of groups IVb, Vb and VIb of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and at least one aminosilane (E), wherein the aqueous coating compositions have a pH of 3 to 5, and have a total solids content of 5% to 35% by weight. Also provided are processes for producing these aqueous coating compositions, processes for coating metal ion-releasing surfaces with the aqueous coating compositions, and coatings obtained therefrom.

Provided is an electrophotographic electroconductive member, including: an electroconductive support; an electroconductive layer; and a surface layer in order, wherein an impedance is 1.0×10.sup.3Ω to 1.0×10.sup.8Ω at an outer surface of the electroconductive member, in the surface layer, an electronic electroconductive agent is dispersed, the electroconductive layer has a matrix containing a cross-linked product of a first rubber and domains each containing a cross-linked product of a second rubber and electroconductive particles, and wherein, and wherein among the domains observed in specified observation regions, 80% by number or more of the domains satisfy (1) and (2): (1) a proportion of sectional areas of the electroconductive particles with respect to the domain is 20% or more; (2) A/B is 1.00 to 1.10 when A is a perimeter of the domain and B is an envelope perimeter.

A precursor formulation of a liner comprising a polymer and at least two curatives is disclosed. One of the at least two curatives comprises a curative formulated to preferentially react with the polymer and the other of the at least two curatives comprises a blocked curative formulated to be substantially unreactive with the polymer. A method of lining a rocket motor is also disclosed, as is a rocket motor including the liner.

A curable composition comprises a blocked isocyanate compound (PhI) having a plurality of isocyanate groups each protected by phenols (Ph), and an epoxy compound (E) having a plurality of epoxy groups. The curable composition does not contain an isocyanate scavenger which may react with the isocyanate groups nor an epoxy scavenger which may react with the epoxy groups.

The blocked isocyanate is a blocked isocyanate containing a latent isocyanate group, which is an isocyanate group blocked with a blocking agent, wherein the blocked isocyanate includes a first latent isocyanate group that is an isocyanate group blocked with a first blocking agent and a second latent isocyanate group that is an isocyanate group blocked with a second blocking agent; and the first blocking agent is represented by general formula (1) below, and has a higher catalysis activity that activates the isocyanate group than that of the second blocking agent. ##STR00001##
(where R1 to R3 represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom, and at least one of R1 to R3 represents a hydrogen atom, and R1 and R3 may be bonded to each other to form a heterocycle. R4 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom, or an atomic group represented by —NR.sup.5R.sup.6 (R5 and R6 represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R5 and R1 may be bonded to each other to form a heterocycle and R6 and R3 may be bonded to each other to form a heterocycle).

It is an object of the present invention is to provide an electrodeposition coating composition and an electrodeposition coating method that enable the formation of a cured electrodeposition coating film that develops excellent throwing power and exhibits a good appearance. An electrodeposition coating composition of the present invention comprising: at least one compound (A) selected from the group consisting of a zinc compound (A-1) and a bismuth compound (A-2); an aminated resin (B); and a curing agent (C), wherein a milligram equivalent (MEQ (A)) of an acid per 100 g of a resin solid content in the composition is 27 or more; a coulombic efficiency of the composition is 30 mg/C or less; a film resistance of a 15-μm-thick uncured electrodeposition coating film formed using the composition is 400 kΩ.Math.cm.sup.2 or more; and a coating film viscosity of an electrodeposition coating film obtained from the composition is 3000 Pa.Math.s or less at 50° C.