Various methods of reshaping and recycling thermoset polymers and composites containing thermoset polymers are provided. The methods involve the bond exchange reaction of exchangeable covalent bonds in the polymer matrix with a suitable small molecule solvent in the presence of a catalyst. In some aspects, the methods are applied to a carbon fiber reinforced polymer or a thermoset polymer where the thermoset polymer matrix includes a plurality of ester bonds. Using a small molecule alcohol, the methods provide for recycling one or both of the carbon fiber and the polymer, for welding two surfaces, or for repairing a damaged surface in the materials.

Various methods of reshaping and recycling thermoset polymers and composites containing thermoset polymers are provided. The methods involve the bond exchange reaction of exchangeable covalent bonds in the polymer matrix with a suitable small molecule solvent in the presence of a catalyst. In some aspects, the methods are applied to a carbon fiber reinforced polymer or a thermoset polymer where the thermoset polymer matrix includes a plurality of ester bonds. Using a small molecule alcohol, the methods provide for recycling one or both of the carbon fiber and the polymer, for welding two surfaces, or for repairing a damaged surface in the materials.

The present disclosure relates to a polycarbonate and a preparation method thereof, which has a novel structure with an improvement in weather resistance and refractive index, while having excellent mechanical properties.

Described herein are polymer compositions including at least 20 wt. % of a liquid crystal polymer (“LCP”); 10 wt. % to 40 wt. % of a flat glass fiber and 15 wt. % to 50 wt. % of boron nitride and/or zinc oxide. It was surprisingly discovered that polymer compositions including an LCP in conjunction with a combination of flat glass fibers and boron nitride and/or zinc oxide had improved thermal conductivity and flexural properties, relative to analogous polymer compositions having round glass fibers in place of the flat glass fibers.

Described herein are polymer compositions including at least 20 wt. % of a liquid crystal polymer (“LCP”); 10 wt. % to 40 wt. % of a flat glass fiber and 15 wt. % to 50 wt. % of boron nitride and/or zinc oxide. It was surprisingly discovered that polymer compositions including an LCP in conjunction with a combination of flat glass fibers and boron nitride and/or zinc oxide had improved thermal conductivity and flexural properties, relative to analogous polymer compositions having round glass fibers in place of the flat glass fibers.

An object of the present invention is to provide a toner binder that maintains low-temperature fixability and hot offset resistance while having excellent grindability, image strength, heat-resistant storage stability, electrostatic charge stability, gloss-imparting properties, and durability. The toner binder of the present invention contains an amorphous resin (A) and a crystalline vinyl resin (B), wherein a weight ratio [(A)/(B)] of the amorphous resin (A) to the crystalline vinyl resin (B) is 81/19 to 97/3, the toner binder has an endothermic peak top temperature (Tm) derived from the crystalline vinyl resin (B) of 40° C. to 100° C. and a half-width of the endothermic peak derived from the crystalline vinyl resin (B) of 6° C. or less, the crystalline vinyl resin (B) has an acid value of 60 mg KOH/g or less, and the toner binder satisfies the following relation (1): 3° C.≤Tfb(A)−Tfb(C)≤30° C.

An object of the present invention is to provide a toner binder that maintains low-temperature fixability and hot offset resistance while having excellent grindability, image strength, heat-resistant storage stability, electrostatic charge stability, gloss-imparting properties, and durability. The toner binder of the present invention contains an amorphous resin (A) and a crystalline vinyl resin (B), wherein a weight ratio [(A)/(B)] of the amorphous resin (A) to the crystalline vinyl resin (B) is 81/19 to 97/3, the toner binder has an endothermic peak top temperature (Tm) derived from the crystalline vinyl resin (B) of 40° C. to 100° C. and a half-width of the endothermic peak derived from the crystalline vinyl resin (B) of 6° C. or less, the crystalline vinyl resin (B) has an acid value of 60 mg KOH/g or less, and the toner binder satisfies the following relation (1): 3° C.≤Tfb(A)−Tfb(C)≤30° C.

A toner includes toner particles. The toner particles each include a toner mother particle. The toner mother particles contain a binder resin, a magnetic powder, and a charge control agent. The binder resin includes a block polymer. The block polymer has a polyester portion and a vinyl polymer portion. The charge control agent includes a styrene-acrylic resin having a quaternary ammonium group. A content percentage of the charge control agent in the toner mother particles is at least 1.5% by mass and no greater than 12.0% by mass.

Polyester polyols, processes for making them, and applications for the polyols are disclosed. Some of the polyols comprise recurring units from a digested thermoplastic polyester (e.g., recycled polyethylene terephthalate), a diol, an optional hydrophobe, and a clarifier. The clarifier, which in some cases is a bisphenol, bisphenol alkoxylate, bisphenol polycarbonate, sulfonyl diphenol, or sulfonyl diphenol alkoxylate, helps the polyol remain clear for weeks or months after its preparation. In some aspects, the clarifier is a monophenol, bisphenol, or poly-phenol having two or more phenylene rings wherein at least two of the phenylene rings lack a common molecular axis. The clarifier may also be an alkylated phenol, an epoxy resin, an epoxy novolac resin, a diphenylmethane, or a tris(aryloxy)phosphate. The polyols are valuable for formulating a variety of polyurethanes and related productsincluding polyurethane dispersions, flexible and rigid foams, coatings, adhesives, sealants, and elastomersand they provide a sustainable alternative to bio- or petrochemical-based polyols.

Polyester polyols, processes for making them, and applications for the polyols are disclosed. Some of the polyols comprise recurring units from a digested thermoplastic polyester (e.g., recycled polyethylene terephthalate), a diol, an optional hydrophobe, and a clarifier. The clarifier, which in some cases is a bisphenol, bisphenol alkoxylate, bisphenol polycarbonate, sulfonyl diphenol, or sulfonyl diphenol alkoxylate, helps the polyol remain clear for weeks or months after its preparation. In some aspects, the clarifier is a monophenol, bisphenol, or poly-phenol having two or more phenylene rings wherein at least two of the phenylene rings lack a common molecular axis. The clarifier may also be an alkylated phenol, an epoxy resin, an epoxy novolac resin, a diphenylmethane, or a tris(aryloxy)phosphate. The polyols are valuable for formulating a variety of polyurethanes and related productsincluding polyurethane dispersions, flexible and rigid foams, coatings, adhesives, sealants, and elastomersand they provide a sustainable alternative to bio- or petrochemical-based polyols.