An electrostatic charge image developing toner containing: toner particles; and silica particles having a compaction aggregation degree of from 60% to 95% and a particle compaction ratio of from 0.20 to 0.40, an electrostatic charge image developer containing the electrostatic charge image developing toner, and a toner cartridge that accommodates the electrostatic charge image developing toner and is detachable from an image forming apparatus.

Polyester polyols, processes for making them, and applications for the polyols are disclosed. Some of the polyols comprise recurring units from a digested thermoplastic polyester (e.g., recycled polyethylene terephthalate), a diol, an optional hydrophobe, and a clarifier. The clarifier, which in some cases is a bisphenol, bisphenol alkoxylate, bisphenol polycarbonate, sulfonyl diphenol, or sulfonyl diphenol alkoxylate, helps the polyol remain clear for weeks or months after its preparation. In some aspects, the clarifier is a monophenol, bisphenol, or poly-phenol having two or more phenylene rings wherein at least two of the phenylene rings lack a common molecular axis. The clarifier may also be an alkylated phenol, an epoxy resin, an epoxy novolac resin, a diphenylmethane, or a tris(aryloxy)phosphate. The polyols are valuable for formulating a variety of polyurethanes and related productsincluding polyurethane dispersions, flexible and rigid foams, coatings, adhesives, sealants, and elastomersand they provide a sustainable alternative to bio- or petrochemical-based polyols.

An object of the present invention is to provide a polyarylate resin having an adequate ultraviolet-absorbing property and an adequate dissolving property in an organic solvent, which is excellent in a solution stability even when it is dissolved in a polar organic solvent having a high hygroscopic property and in a reactivity with the other material and adhesive properties to various materials. The present invention provides a polyarylate resin comprising a bisphenol component including a compound shown by a general formula (1) and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid component as monomeric components, wherein the polyarylate resin is satisfied with the formula mentioned below:
B/A0.95
(wherein A represents an inherent viscosity measured in a concentration of 1 g/dL and a temperature of 25 C. using tetrachloroethane as a solvent and B represents an inherent viscosity measured in a concentration of 1 g/dL and a temperature of 25 C. using a mixture liquid of phenol/tetrachloroethane/sodium acetate having a mass ratio of 6/4/0.006 as a solvent): ##STR00001##
(wherein R1 and R2 respectively and independently represent an alkyl group.).

An object of the present invention is to provide a polyarylate resin having an adequate ultraviolet-absorbing property and an adequate dissolving property in an organic solvent, which is excellent in a solution stability even when it is dissolved in a polar organic solvent having a high hygroscopic property and in a reactivity with the other material and adhesive properties to various materials. The present invention provides a polyarylate resin comprising a bisphenol component including a compound shown by a general formula (1) and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid component as monomeric components, wherein the polyarylate resin is satisfied with the formula mentioned below:
B/A0.95
(wherein A represents an inherent viscosity measured in a concentration of 1 g/dL and a temperature of 25 C. using tetrachloroethane as a solvent and B represents an inherent viscosity measured in a concentration of 1 g/dL and a temperature of 25 C. using a mixture liquid of phenol/tetrachloroethane/sodium acetate having a mass ratio of 6/4/0.006 as a solvent): ##STR00001##
(wherein R1 and R2 respectively and independently represent an alkyl group.).

A polymer composition that comprises a polymer matrix and a flame retardant system distributed within the polymer matrix is provided. The polymer matrix contains a first liquid crystalline polymer and the flame retardant system contains a low-halogen polymeric flame retardant. The polymer composition exhibits an unaged V-0 rating at a thickness of 0.8 mm when subjected to a vertical burn test procedure in accordance with UL94 and a melt viscosity of about 60 Pa-s or less as determined in accordance with ISO 11443:2021 at a shear rate of 1,000 seconds 1 and temperature that is 15 C. higher than the melting temperature of the composition.

A polymer composition that comprises a polymer matrix and a flame retardant system distributed within the polymer matrix is provided. The polymer matrix contains a first liquid crystalline polymer and the flame retardant system contains a low-halogen polymeric flame retardant. The polymer composition exhibits an unaged V-0 rating at a thickness of 0.8 mm when subjected to a vertical burn test procedure in accordance with UL94 and a melt viscosity of about 60 Pa-s or less as determined in accordance with ISO 11443:2021 at a shear rate of 1,000 seconds 1 and temperature that is 15 C. higher than the melting temperature of the composition.

A method of improving flowability of polycarbonate or polyarylate includes mixing the polycarbonate or the polyarylate with a flowability improver including a polyester. The polyester is a polycondensate of monomers including a bisphenol component (B) and a dicarboxylic acid component (C) at a molar ratio satisfying (B):(C)=45:5555:45. The polyester includes a portion derived from the bisphenol component (B) and the dicarboxylic acid component (C) in an amount of 50 mol % or more.

The present invention relates to compositions containing linear polycarbonate, branched polycarbonate, a reinforcing fibre and a small amount of salts of sulfonic acid, sulfonamide or sulfonimide derivatives. The invention likewise relates to the use of branched polycarbonate in a polycarbonate composition for achieving a classification according to UL94 of V-0 at a layer thickness of 2.00 mm.

Described herein are polymer compositions including at least 20 wt. % of a liquid crystal polymer (LCP); 10 wt. % to 40 wt. % of a flat glass fiber and 15 wt. % to 50 wt. % of boron nitride and/or zinc oxide. It was surprisingly discovered that polymer compositions including an LCP in conjunction with a combination of flat glass fibers and boron nitride and/or zinc oxide had improved thermal conductivity and flexural properties, relative to analogous polymer compositions having round glass fibers in place of the flat glass fibers.

Described herein are polymer compositions including at least 20 wt. % of a liquid crystal polymer (LCP); 10 wt. % to 40 wt. % of a flat glass fiber and 15 wt. % to 50 wt. % of boron nitride and/or zinc oxide. It was surprisingly discovered that polymer compositions including an LCP in conjunction with a combination of flat glass fibers and boron nitride and/or zinc oxide had improved thermal conductivity and flexural properties, relative to analogous polymer compositions having round glass fibers in place of the flat glass fibers.