A liquid crystal cell in which antenna units are arranged includes a TFT substrate, a slot substrate, and a liquid crystal layer. The TFT substrate includes a first dielectric substrate, TFTs supported by the first dielectric substrate and patch electrodes electrically connected to the TFTs, and a first alignment film covering a groove part between the adjacent patch electrodes. The slot substrate includes a second dielectric substrate, a slot electrode including slots and supported by the second dielectric substrate, and a second alignment film covering the slot electrode. The liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the TFT substrate and the slot substrate. The liquid crystal layer includes a liquid crystal material having a lower limit temperature of a nematic phase of the liquid crystal material of −32° C. or lower and an upper limit temperature of the nematic phase of the liquid crystal material of 110° C. or higher.

Polyfluorinated additives for use as components in liquid-crystal mixtures. Liquid-crystal mixtures which comprise these compounds. And liquid-crystal displays based on these liquid-crystal mixtures.

A liquid-crystalline medium, preferably having a nematic phase and dielectric anisotropy of 0.5 or more, which comprises one or more compounds of each of formulae T and L ##STR00001##
in which the parameters have the meanings given in the claims and in the text. The use thereof in an electro-optical display, particularly in an active-matrix display based on the IPS or FFS effect, to displays of this type which contain a liquid-crystalline medium of this type. Also, the compounds of formulae T and L and their use for the improvement of the transmission and/or response times of a liquid-crystalline medium which comprises one or more additional mesogenic compounds.

The present invention relates to polymerisable compounds, to processes and intermediates for the preparation thereof, to liquid-crystal (LC) media comprising them, and to the use of the polymerisable compounds and LC media for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in LC displays of the polymer sustained alignment (PS, PSA) and self-aligning (SA) type.

The invention relates to a polymerisable LC material comprising one or more di- or multireactive mesogenic compounds and one or more compounds of formula UVI,

##STR00001##

wherein the individual radicals have one of the meaning as given in the claims. Furthermore, the present invention relates also to a method for its preparation, a polymer film with improved thermal durability and UV stability obtainable from a corresponding polymerisable LC material, to a method of preparation of such polymer film, and to the use of such polymer film and said polymerisable LC material for optical, electrooptical, decorative or security devices.

There is provided a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) material for the deformed helix FLC (DHFLC) electro-optical mode devices and shows optimum electro-optical properties including high tilt angle (>38°), and short helix pitch (<120 nm), and spontaneous polarization (>100 nC/cm.sup.2) comprising at least two components, wherein at least one FLC component is a chiral compound of Formula (I):

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particularly:

##STR00002##

wherein W.sub.1 and W.sub.2 are chiral groups with polar substituent at chiral centre, A and B are independently N atom or CH groups providing that at least one of A or B is N atom. Other various groups are as defined herein.

The present invention relates to polymerisable compounds, to processes and intermediates for the preparation thereof, to liquid-crystal (LC) media comprising them, and to the use of the polymerisable compounds and LC media for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in LC displays of the polymer sustained alignment (PS, PSA) and self-aligning (SA) type.

The present invention relates to a liquid-crystal (LC) medium comprising polymerizable compounds, to its use for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in LC displays of the PSA (polymer sustained alignment) or SA (self-aligning) mode, to an LC display of the PSA or SA mode comprising the LC medium, and to a process of manufacturing the LC display using the LC medium, especially an energy-saving LC display and energy-saving LC display production process.

A compound is represented by general formula (I), a liquid-crystal composition contains this compound, and devices are made using this liquid-crystal composition.

##STR00001##

Having a large refractive-index anisotropy Δn and a sufficiently high Tni, highly compatible with liquid-crystal compositions, and exhibiting a high dielectric anisotropy in the radiofrequency range, the compound is a useful material for RF phase shifters, phased-array antennae, image recognition devices, distance meters, liquid-crystal displays, liquid-crystal lenses, and birefringent lenses for 3D image display, among other devices.

A liquid crystal composition and a liquid crystal display device including the liquid crystal composition include at least one compound of general formula I and at least one compound of general formula II. Compared with the prior art, the liquid crystal composition has a smaller voltage change rate at high and low temperatures and a shorter low temperature response time, while maintaining an appropriate optical anisotropy, an appropriate clearing point, an appropriate absolute value of dielectric anisotropy, such that the liquid crystal display device having the liquid crystal composition has a better display and a faster response speed.

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