The invention provides certain nicotine salt co-crystals and provides novel polymorphic forms of certain nicotine salts. In particular, certain nicotine salt-co-crystals are described, including nicotine and two different coformers. The invention further provides methods of preparation and characterization of nicotine salts, co-crystals, and salt co-crystals. In addition, tobacco products, including smoking articles, smokeless tobacco products, and electronic smoking articles comprising nicotine salts, co-crystals, and/or salt co-crystals are also provided.

Compounds are provided that are useful as immunomodulators. The compounds have the Formula (I) ##STR00001##
including stereoisomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R.sup.1a, R.sup.1b, R.sup.1c, R.sup.1d, R.sup.2a, R.sup.2b, R.sup.3, R.sup.3a, R.sup.4, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, A, Z, X.sup.1 and n are as defined herein. Methods associated with preparation and use of such compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, are also disclosed.

The present disclosure discloses compounds capable of modulating the activity of α-amino-β-carboxymuconic acid semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD), which are useful for the prevention and/or the treatment of diseases and disorders associated with defects in NAD.sup.+ biosynthesis, e.g., metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases, kidney diseases, and diseases associated with ageing. The present application also discloses pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds and the use of such compounds as a medicament.

The present disclosure discloses compounds capable of modulating the activity of α-amino-β-carboxymuconic acid semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD), which are useful for the prevention and/or the treatment of diseases and disorders associated with defects in NAD.sup.+ biosynthesis, e.g., metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases, kidney diseases, and diseases associated with ageing. The present application also discloses pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds and the use of such compounds as a medicament.

A new intermediate is useful in the synthesis of elagolix. A process for obtaining the intermediate includes reacting a precursor with iodine monochloride in the presence of an organic solvent. A process for preparing elagolix makes use of the intermediate. The intermediate can be 3-((R)-2-(amino-2-phenylethyl)-1-(2-fluoro-6-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-5-iodo-6-methyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione or a salt thereof, such as a hydrochloride.

A new intermediate is useful in the synthesis of elagolix. A process for obtaining the intermediate includes reacting a precursor with iodine monochloride in the presence of an organic solvent. A process for preparing elagolix makes use of the intermediate. The intermediate can be 3-((R)-2-(amino-2-phenylethyl)-1-(2-fluoro-6-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-5-iodo-6-methyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione or a salt thereof, such as a hydrochloride.

Compounds are provided that are useful as immunomodulators. The compounds have the Formula (I)

##STR00001##

including stereoisomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R.sup.1a, R.sup.1b, R.sup.1c, R.sup.1d, R.sup.2a, R.sup.2b, R.sup.3, R.sup.3a, R.sup.4, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, A, Z, X.sup.1 and n are as defined herein. Methods associated with preparation and use of such compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, are also disclosed.

The present invention provides a novel method that is capable of detecting a trifluridine-related substance from a sample containing trifluridine or a salt thereof by high-performance liquid chromatography comprising two steps that are performed under gradient conditions. More specifically, the method is for detecting a trifluridine-related substance, the method comprising the step of subjecting a sample containing trifluridine or a salt thereof to high-performance liquid chromatography using a mobile phase composed of an organic phase and an aqueous phase, wherein the step of high-performance liquid chromatography comprises steps 1 and 2 that satisfy the following requirements: Step 1: the percentage of the organic phase in the entire mobile phase is 1 to 14% by volume; and Step 2: after step 1, elution is performed by applying a gradient of increasing the percentage of the organic phase in the entire mobile phase.

The present invention provides a novel method that is capable of detecting a trifluridine-related substance from a sample containing trifluridine or a salt thereof by high-performance liquid chromatography comprising two steps that are performed under gradient conditions. More specifically, the method is for detecting a trifluridine-related substance, the method comprising the step of subjecting a sample containing trifluridine or a salt thereof to high-performance liquid chromatography using a mobile phase composed of an organic phase and an aqueous phase, wherein the step of high-performance liquid chromatography comprises steps 1 and 2 that satisfy the following requirements: Step 1: the percentage of the organic phase in the entire mobile phase is 1 to 14% by volume; and Step 2: after step 1, elution is performed by applying a gradient of increasing the percentage of the organic phase in the entire mobile phase.

In certain aspects, the invention provides a method for treating a disease or condition in a subject, the method comprising co-administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of at least one ULK1-inhibiting pyrimidine, and a therapeutically effective amount of an mTOR inhibitor.