Various techniques involve a device for entangling a plurality of individual threads of a composite thread in a melt-spinning process for the production of crimped yarns. The device to this end has a plurality of entanglement nozzles which are collectively held on a support. In order to enable a flexible utilization of the entanglement nozzles and of thread guiding, the entanglement nozzles on the support are assigned at least one thread guide in such a manner that the threads are guidable optionally in the entanglement nozzles and/or in the thread guide.

A film forming device 10 including a distance measurement unit 30 for measuring the distance between the skin S and the device 10, a distance decision unit 31 for deciding whether the distance measured by the distance measurement unit 30 is proper for electrostatic spraying, and a distance notification unit 32 for notifying a user of the decision by the distance decision unit 31. The film forming device 10 is of hand-held type small enough and configured to be held by the user's hand. The device 10 preferably includes an angle measurement unit 42 for measuring the angle between the electrostatic spray direction and the skin S.

A continuous wire drive system for a needleless electrospinning apparatus, the electrospinning apparatus including an electrospinning enclosure and within which a nanoscale or submicron scale polymer fiber web is formed onto a substrate from a liquid polymer layer coated onto a plurality of continuous electrode wires passing through the electrospinning enclosure. The continuous wire drive system includes a master wire drive drum and a slave wire drive drum, each of the master wire drive drum and slave wire drive drum including a plurality of wire guides, each of the wire guides including a channel or groove for receiving one of the plurality of continuous electrode wires. The continuous wire drive system is external to the electrospinning apparatus, and the continuous wire drive system drives the plurality of continuous electrode wires through the electrospinning enclosure.

A continuous wire drive system for a needleless electrospinning apparatus, the electrospinning apparatus including an electrospinning enclosure and within which a nanoscale or submicron scale polymer fiber web is formed onto a substrate from a liquid polymer layer coated onto a plurality of continuous electrode wires passing through the electrospinning enclosure. The continuous wire drive system includes a master wire drive drum and a slave wire drive drum, each of the master wire drive drum and slave wire drive drum including a plurality of wire guides, each of the wire guides including a channel or groove for receiving one of the plurality of continuous electrode wires. The continuous wire drive system is external to the electrospinning apparatus, and the continuous wire drive system drives the plurality of continuous electrode wires through the electrospinning enclosure.

A method of manufacturing multi-ply separable textured yarn, the method comprising, passing a multi-ply separable interlaced filament yarn through a texturizing unit to form a multi-ply separable draw textured yarn, wherein the multi-ply separable interlaced filament yarn is separable in to at least two separable interlaced filament yarn, wherein the interlacing of the filaments within each separable interlaced filament yarn is retained during further processing of the yarn to fabric and in the fabric.

Systems and methods are disclosed for producing multi-layer meltblown mats. The method includes depositing first meltblown fibers onto a first moving surface such as a conveyor belt to form a first layer of meltblown fibers, and depositing second meltblown fibers onto a second moving surface such as a conveyor belt to form a second layer of meltblown fibers. The first and second layers of meltblown fibers are fed through opposed rollers to form combined meltblown layers comprising the first layer of meltblown fibers and the second layer of meltblown fibers. The combined meltblown layers are bonded together to produce a bonded multi-layer meltblown sheet. The bonded multi-layer meltblown sheet has a first outer exposed surface formed by contact of the first layer of meltblown fibers with the first moving surface, and a second outer exposed surface formed by contact of the second layer of meltblown fibers with the second moving surface.

A method of manufacturing multi-ply separable textured yarn, the method comprising, passing a multi-ply separable interlaced filament yarn through a texturizing unit to form a multi-ply separable draw textured yarn, wherein the multi-ply separable interlaced filament yarn is separable in to at least two separable interlaced filament yarn, wherein the interlacing 10 of the filaments within each separable interlaced filament yarn is retained during further processing of the yarn to fabric and in the fabric.

A method and apparatus for manufacturing a carbon fiber. Pressure is applied to a filament to change a cross-sectional shape of the filament and create a plurality of distinct surfaces on the filament. The filament is converted into a graphitic carbon fiber having the plurality of distinct surfaces. A plurality of sizings is applied to the plurality of distinct surfaces of the graphitic carbon fiber in which the plurality of sizings includes at least two different sizings.

A method and apparatus for manufacturing a carbon fiber. Pressure is applied to a filament to change a cross-sectional shape of the filament and create a plurality of distinct surfaces on the filament. The filament is converted into a graphitic carbon fiber having the plurality of distinct surfaces. A plurality of sizings is applied to the plurality of distinct surfaces of the graphitic carbon fiber in which the plurality of sizings includes at least two different sizings.

A continuous wire drive system for a needleless electrospinning apparatus, the electrospinning apparatus including an electrospinning enclosure and within which a nanoscale or submicron scale polymer fiber web is formed onto a substrate from a liquid polymer layer coated onto a plurality of continuous electrode wires passing through the electrospinning enclosure. The continuous wire drive system includes a master wire drive drum and a slave wire drive drum, each of the master wire drive drum and slave wire drive drum including a plurality of wire guides, each of the wire guides including a channel or groove for receiving one of the plurality of continuous electrode wires. The continuous wire drive system is external to the electrospinning apparatus, and the continuous wire drive system drives the plurality of continuous electrode wires through the electrospinning enclosure.