A method of simultaneously modifying degradation rates of at least two compounds including a first compound having a first unmodified degradation rate constant k.sub.1 and a second compound having a second unmodified degradation rate k.sub.2 is provided. The method includes combining a first composition including the first compound with a second composition including the second compound, degrading the first compound and forming a first degradation product; and degrading the second compound and forming a second degradation product. The second degradation product modifies the first unmodified degradation rate constant k.sub.1 of the first compound to a first modified degradation rate k.sub.1 and the first degradation product modifies the second unmodified degradation rate k.sub.2 of the second compound to a second modified degradation rate k.sub.2. Compositions resulting from the method are also provided.

The invention relates to molded cellulose bodies, in particular fibers, filaments, directly spun nonwovens, films, or foams which have flame-resistant properties. The fibers and filaments can be further processed as textiles into yarns, wovens, knitted fabrics, and nonwovens. The molded bodies are produced from solutions of cellulose and melamine cyanurate or cellulose and crosslinked or partially crosslinked melamine resin particles in an organic solvent. The melamine cyanurate or the melamine resin particles provide the molded cellulose bodies with flame-retardant properties. The molded cellulose bodies made of cellulose and melamine cyanurate or melamine resin particles can further contain flame retardants, in particular flame retardants which act synergistically, in a particulate form. The obtained textile fibers and nonwoven materials have a soft touch and can be processed or finished as filaments or yarns on conventional textile machines.

The invention relates to molded cellulose bodies, in particular fibers, filaments, directly spun nonwovens, films, or foams which have flame-resistant properties. The fibers and filaments can be further processed as textiles into yarns, wovens, knitted fabrics, and nonwovens. The molded bodies are produced from solutions of cellulose and melamine cyanurate or cellulose and crosslinked or partially crosslinked melamine resin particles in an organic solvent. The melamine cyanurate or the melamine resin particles provide the molded cellulose bodies with flame-retardant properties. The molded cellulose bodies made of cellulose and melamine cyanurate or melamine resin particles can further contain flame retardants, in particular flame retardants which act synergistically, in a particulate form. The obtained textile fibers and nonwoven materials have a soft touch and can be processed or finished as filaments or yarns on conventional textile machines.

The present disclosure provides methods and compositions for directed to synthetic block copolymer proteins, expression constructs for their secretion, recombinant microorganisms for their production, and synthetic fibers (including advantageously, microfibers) comprising these proteins that recapitulate many properties of natural silk. The recombinant microorganisms can be used for the commercial production of silk-like fibers.

The present disclosure provides methods and compositions for directed to synthetic block copolymer proteins, expression constructs for their secretion, recombinant microorganisms for their production, and synthetic fibers (including advantageously, microfibers) comprising these proteins that recapitulate many properties of natural silk. The recombinant microorganisms can be used for the commercial production of silk-like fibers.

The present invention provides a natural polymeric nanofiber, which is made by a natural polymeric solution under an applied field control spinning process, wherein the natural polymeric solution comprises: a natural polymeric material, an inorganic salt and/or an enzyme; the present invention further provides a method for preparing the natural polymeric nanofibers. The nature polymeric nanofibers of the present invention have a smaller fiber diameter, and have higher safety and practicability.

A fine cellulose fiber composite containing fine cellulose fibers having a carboxy group and an amine having an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide (EO/PO) copolymer moiety, the fine cellulose fibers being bound with the amine at the carboxy group to form a salt, wherein the fine cellulose fibers have a carboxy group content of 0.1 mmol/g or more, and wherein the molecular weight of the EO/PO copolymer moiety is from 700 to 10,000, and wherein a PO content ratio in the EO/PO copolymer moiety is from 1 to 70% by mol. The fine cellulose fiber composite of the present invention has high dispersibility in the resin and can exhibit an effect of increasing strength, so that the fine cellulose fiber composite is suitably as various fillers, and the like.

A fine cellulose fiber composite containing fine cellulose fibers having a carboxy group and an amine having an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide (EO/PO) copolymer moiety, the fine cellulose fibers being bound with the amine at the carboxy group to form a salt, wherein the fine cellulose fibers have a carboxy group content of 0.1 mmol/g or more, and wherein the molecular weight of the EO/PO copolymer moiety is from 700 to 10,000, and wherein a PO content ratio in the EO/PO copolymer moiety is from 1 to 70% by mol. The fine cellulose fiber composite of the present invention has high dispersibility in the resin and can exhibit an effect of increasing strength, so that the fine cellulose fiber composite is suitably as various fillers, and the like.

We provide cellulose-based filaments comprising a negatively charged cellulose derivative bearing anionic functional groups as well as bubble-free films and 3D objects comprising partially decarboxylated carboxymethyl cellulose, wherein these cellulose derivatives have a charge content of less than or equal to about 1.4 mEq/g of cellulose. The filaments have a diameter of between about 1 ?m and about 50 ?m. Method of producing these filaments and bubble-free films and 3D objects are also provides. These methods comprise extrusion or immersion into a coagulation bath. Films can be overlaid or bent to form 3D objects.

Grafted, crosslinked cellulosic materials include cellulose fibers and polymer chains composed of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated acid group-containing monomer (such as acrylic acid) grafted thereto, in which one or more of said cellulose fibers and said polymer chains are crosslinked (such as by intra-fiber chain-to-chain crosslinks). Some of such materials are characterized by a wet bulk of about 10.0-17.0 cm.sup.3/g, an IPRP value of about 1000 to 7700 cm.sup.2/MPa.Math.sec, and/or a MAP value of about 7.0 to 38 cm H.sub.2O. Methods for producing such materials may include grafting polymer chains from a cellulosic substrate, followed by treating the grafted material with a crosslinking agent adapted to effect crosslinking of one or more of the cellulosic substrate or the polymer chains. Example crosslinking mechanisms include esterfication reactions, ionic reactions, and radical reactions, and example crosslinking agents include pentaerythritol, homopolymers of the graft species monomer, and hyperbranched polymers.