A yarn texturizing apparatus and method for texturizing a plurality of yarns, which can include a tack assembly and a jet box assembly. The tack assembly can be configured to receive a bundle of yarns and impart a plurality of twists to each bundle of yarns and subsequently impart a first tack point at a point corresponding to a twist reversal between the twists. The downstream jet box assembly can be configured to place a plurality of additional tack points intermittently along the plurality of twists of each bundle of yarn.

A method for making an elastic core yarn includes covering an elastic core having a fiber of natural rubber with metric count 200-1000 dtex with a cotton-based covering yarn. The elastic core and the covering yarn are conveyed such that the covering yarn laterally attains a proximity of the elastic core in a wrapping space. The covering yarn is helically wrapped about the elastic core. The conveying speed, and therefore the winding/unwinding speed, is selected such that the elastic core is stretched to a stretching ratio of at least two, and the covering yarn becomes twisted with a final twist direction opposite to its initial twist direction, and forms T coils per length unit of the elastic fiber set between a minimum value T0 and a maximum value T1. An elasticized yarn is thereby obtained, and a fabric, in particular a denim type fabric, is manufactured from this yarn.

A method for making an elastic core yarn includes covering an elastic core having a fiber of natural rubber with metric count 200-1000 dtex with a cotton-based covering yarn. The elastic core and the covering yarn are conveyed such that the covering yarn laterally attains a proximity of the elastic core in a wrapping space. The covering yarn is helically wrapped about the elastic core. The conveying speed, and therefore the winding/unwinding speed, is selected such that the elastic core is stretched to a stretching ratio of at least two, and the covering yarn becomes twisted with a final twist direction opposite to its initial twist direction, and forms T coils per length unit of the elastic fiber set between a minimum value T0 and a maximum value T1. An elasticized yarn is thereby obtained, and a fabric, in particular a denim type fabric, is manufactured from this yarn.

A method includes drawing a roving thread from a roving bobbin through a roving guide, an aft drafting roller, and a mid drafting roller to a front drafting roller, and drawing a spandex core from a spandex bobbin using a guide roller. The method also includes associating the roving thread and the spandex core by drawing the roving thread and the spandex core in an approximately parallel fashion through the front drafting roller, and drawing the associated roving thread and the spandex core through a lappet hook and an anti-ballooning guide. Further, the method includes winding the drawn associated roving thread and the spandex core on a ring-frame bobbin including a ring traveler attached to a rotatable ring. The circular motion of the ring traveler around the ring-frame bobbin causes the drawn associated roving thread to twist around the drawn associated spandex core, forming a core spun yarn.

Nerve scaffolds are described that include a tubular outer housing fabricated from a biocompatible polymer, within which are disposed a plurality of carbon nanofiber yarns. The carbon nanofiber yarns, which can be separated by distances roughly corresponding to an average nerve fiber diameter, provide surfaces on which nerve fibers can regrow. Because the proximate carbon nanofiber yarns can support individual nerve fibers, a nerve can be regenerated with a reduced likelihood of undesirable outcomes, such as nerve pain or reduced nerve function.

A sea-islands type composite fiber includes an island component that is a polymer having moisture absorbability; a ratio (T/R) of a thickness T of an outermost layer to a diameter R of the fiber in a transverse cross section of the fiber of 0.05 to 0.25; and a moisture absorption rate difference (MR) after a hot water treatment of 2.0 to 10.0%, wherein the thickness of an outermost layer is a difference between a radius of the fiber and a radius of a circumscribed circle formed by connecting apexes of the island components disposed in an outermost circle, and represents a thickness of a sea component in the outermost layer.

A sea-islands type composite fiber includes an island component that is a polymer having moisture absorbability; a ratio (T/R) of a thickness T of an outermost layer to a diameter R of the fiber in a transverse cross section of the fiber of 0.05 to 0.25; and a moisture absorption rate difference (MR) after a hot water treatment of 2.0 to 10.0%, wherein the thickness of an outermost layer is a difference between a radius of the fiber and a radius of a circumscribed circle formed by connecting apexes of the island components disposed in an outermost circle, and represents a thickness of a sea component in the outermost layer.

An apparatus for manufacturing open carbon fiber superfine yarn comprises a yarn feeding part for feeding a carbon fiber bundle; a tank for storing water for opening carbon fiber to immerse the carbon fiber bundle in the water for opening carbon fiber; a first drying part for drying the open carbon fiber bundle formed by the immersion in the water for opening carbon fiber; an application part for applying a catalyst to the dried open carbon fiber bundle; a second drying part for drying the catalyst-applied open carbon fiber bundle to obtain open carbon fiber resin tape; a slitting part for slitting the open carbon fiber resin tape longitudinally; and a twisting part for twisting a plurality of the open carbon fiber resin tapes slit by the slitting part to form open carbon fiber superfine yarn.

A yarn including a plurality of twists formed by twisting single fiber strand or multiple fiber strands; and fiber grooves, which are spaces formed between the twists, to provide three-dimensional growth spaces and migration paths for cells. Accordingly, a cell proliferation rate and cell viability may be enhanced by creating microenvironments suitable for migration, proliferation and differentiation of cultured cells. In addition, cell clusters having more uniform shapes may be easily implemented by forming the proliferation spaces and migration paths for the cultured cells as similar as possible to each other in each scaffold. Further, the cells cultured thereby can be cultured in a suitable shape and structure to be applied to an in vitro experimental model or transplanted into the body of an animal, and can be widely applied in various products used in a cell culture or tissue engineering field.

A yarn including a plurality of twists formed by twisting single fiber strand or multiple fiber strands; and fiber grooves, which are spaces formed between the twists, to provide three-dimensional growth spaces and migration paths for cells. Accordingly, a cell proliferation rate and cell viability may be enhanced by creating microenvironments suitable for migration, proliferation and differentiation of cultured cells. In addition, cell clusters having more uniform shapes may be easily implemented by forming the proliferation spaces and migration paths for the cultured cells as similar as possible to each other in each scaffold. Further, the cells cultured thereby can be cultured in a suitable shape and structure to be applied to an in vitro experimental model or transplanted into the body of an animal, and can be widely applied in various products used in a cell culture or tissue engineering field.