The present disclosure relates generally to pre-treating textiles and methods of preparing textiles in a pre-treated state. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to pre-treating textiles comprising recombinant protein fibers.

The present disclosure relates generally to pre-treating textiles and methods of preparing textiles in a pre-treated state. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to pre-treating textiles comprising recombinant protein fibers.

Provided herein is an electrodeposition apparatus for producing long polymeric threads, yarns, or ropes. A method of preparing long polymeric threads, yarns or ropes also is provided.

Provided herein is an electrodeposition apparatus for producing long polymeric threads, yarns, or ropes. A method of preparing long polymeric threads, yarns or ropes also is provided.

A natural turf reinforcement system and method are provided. A fiber yarn having at least one biodegradation characteristic is inserted into a soil bed to provide support to a natural grass component. The biodegradation characteristic includes a full or a substantially full biodegradation in the soil after injection after a defined time period. The fiber yarn may include one or more plant-based fibers, animal-based fibers, or at least one synthetic fiber. The fibers may further include one or more chemical treatments or coatings configured to extend or modify properties of the fiber yarn and/or the natural grass component.

A natural turf reinforcement system and method are provided. A fiber yarn having at least one biodegradation characteristic is inserted into a soil bed to provide support to a natural grass component. The biodegradation characteristic includes a full or a substantially full biodegradation in the soil after injection after a defined time period. The fiber yarn may include one or more plant-based fibers, animal-based fibers, or at least one synthetic fiber. The fibers may further include one or more chemical treatments or coatings configured to extend or modify properties of the fiber yarn and/or the natural grass component.

A preform structure includes a carbon fiber, a support layer that serves as a substrate for the carbon fiber, and a carbon-based thread for securing the carbon fiber to the support layer.

A preform structure includes a carbon fiber, a support layer that serves as a substrate for the carbon fiber, and a carbon-based thread for securing the carbon fiber to the support layer.

Embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to methods of removing lignin from a material by associating the material with a deep eutectic solvent (DES) that includes at least one hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and at least one hydrogen bond donor (HBD). The methods of the present disclosure may also include one or more steps of heating the solvent-associated material, separating the material from the solvent, drying the material, washing the material, and/or processing the material. Additional embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to delignified materials that are formed in accordance with the methods of the present disclosure.

Embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to methods of removing lignin from a material by associating the material with a deep eutectic solvent (DES) that includes at least one hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and at least one hydrogen bond donor (HBD). The methods of the present disclosure may also include one or more steps of heating the solvent-associated material, separating the material from the solvent, drying the material, washing the material, and/or processing the material. Additional embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to delignified materials that are formed in accordance with the methods of the present disclosure.