The disclosure provides methods and apparatuses for removing a yellow color of riboflavin in a lactose solution. The methods include exposing a lactose solution (e.g. milk) containing riboflavin to light under conditions that breakdown riboflavin comprised within the solution to thereby remove the yellow color of riboflavin. The conditions that breakdown include a specific wavelength of light (e.g. light having a wavelength of 360-475 nm) and a specific temperature range (e.g. a temperature of 0-80 C.). In certain embodiments, the duration of the treatment is such that the lactose solution is exposed to a total of 5-20 kW of light.

The present disclosure discloses a method for preparing an Oat Protein Sponge (OPS) filter for feeding bottles to remove microplastics. The method involves isolating proteins from oats using cell disruption with alkali. The oats are cultivated through tissue culture and/or hydroponics. The isolated protein is then made soluble through incubation and breakdown, followed by neutralization with a strong acid such as Hydrochloric or Sulfuric acid. The resulting protein is concentrated oat protein, treated with a crosslinking agent, and formed into a sponge structure. This structure is incubated to create a stable hydrogel, which is subsequently washed and purified. The OPS filter effectively removes microplastics from milk and is integrated into feeding bottles, providing a solution to enhance milk safety and quality for infants.

The present disclosure discloses a method for preparing an Oat Protein Sponge (OPS) filter for feeding bottles to remove microplastics. The method involves isolating proteins from oats using cell disruption with alkali. The oats are cultivated through tissue culture and/or hydroponics. The isolated protein is then made soluble through incubation and breakdown, followed by neutralization with a strong acid such as Hydrochloric or Sulfuric acid. The resulting protein is concentrated oat protein, treated with a crosslinking agent, and formed into a sponge structure. This structure is incubated to create a stable hydrogel, which is subsequently washed and purified. The OPS filter effectively removes microplastics from milk and is integrated into feeding bottles, providing a solution to enhance milk safety and quality for infants.

The invention relates to a process for dephosphorylation of skim milk, ultra-filtered milk (UF milk) or micellar casein isolate (MCI) comprising (i) acidification of a skim milk, UF milk or MCI preferably not lower than pH 6.0, preferably between 6.0 and 6.7, (ii) cooling the acidified skim milk, UF milk or MCI to the temperature between 0 C. and 15 C., (iii) adding gluconate and/or maleate to the cooled skim milk, UF milk or MCI and, (iv) washing the skim milk, UF milk or MCI, to remove phosphorus, thus dephosphorylating the skim milk, UF milk or MCI, preferably to an extent that the total phosphorous content of the skim milk, UF milk or MCI is reduced with at least 20%, preferably 20-40%, more preferably 30-40% compared to the material provided to step (i). The invention also relates to dephosphorylated MPC, MPI or MCI obtainable by the process of the invention, and to a liquid heat-sterilized enteral nutritional composition comprising 2.0-3.0 kcal/ml wherein 16-35 en % is provided by protein, the combination of caloric content and relative protein caloric content selected such that there is 10-18 g/100 ml protein, preferably 12-18 g/100 ml protein in the composition, wherein the protein comprises micellar casein (MC), whey protein (WP) and optionally caseinate (CAS), wherein there is at least 70 wt % MC and less than 15 wt % WP, based on total protein content, and wherein the composition has a total amount of phosphorous less than 192 mg/100 ml and/or 30-80 mg/100 kcal, preferably at least 30-80 mg/100 kcal, most preferably less than 192 mg/100 ml and 30-80 mg/100 kcal.