A dyeing and welding process may be configured to convert a substrate into a welded substrate having at least some color imparted thereto via a dye and/or coloring agent by applying a process solvent having a dye and/or coloring agent therein to the substrate, wherein the process solvent interrupts one or more intermolecular force between one or more component in the substrate. The substrate may be configured as a natural fiber, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, and silk. The process solvent may include a binder, such as dissolved biopolymer (e.g., cellulose). After application of a process solvent comprised of a dye and/or coloring agent, the substrate may be exposed to a second application of a process solvent comprised of a binder, which second application may occur before or after a process temperature/pressure zone, process solvent recovery zone, and/or drying zone.

A dyeing and welding process may be configured to convert a substrate into a welded substrate having at least some color imparted thereto via a dye and/or coloring agent by applying a process solvent having a dye and/or coloring agent therein to the substrate, wherein the process solvent interrupts one or more intermolecular force between one or more component in the substrate. The substrate may be configured as a natural fiber, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, and silk. The process solvent may include a binder, such as dissolved biopolymer (e.g., cellulose). After application of a process solvent comprised of a dye and/or coloring agent, the substrate may be exposed to a second application of a process solvent comprised of a binder, which second application may occur before or after a process temperature/pressure zone, process solvent recovery zone, and/or drying zone.

The present invention provides a waterproof, moisture-permeable composite non-woven fabric able to block viruses and blood, and consists of a non-woven fabric, which is provided with two surfaces and has a basic weight of ≤70 g/m.sup.2; and a multi-layer breathable membrane, which is at least a three-layer co-extruded membrane. The basic weight of the multi-layer breathable membrane lies between 5˜30 g/m.sup.2 and is attached to one of the surfaces of the non-woven fabric. A powder in the multi-layer breathable membrane has a percentage by weight of 40˜60% and an extension ratio ≤300%. The present invention has characteristics including a synthetic blood permeability able to resist pressure of 2.0 psi sustainable for at least one minute, a Phi-X17 bacteriophage penetrability able to resist pressure of 2.0 psi sustainable for at least one minute, and a moisture capacity ≥1500 g/m.sup.2.Math.24 hr.

The present invention provides a waterproof, moisture-permeable composite non-woven fabric able to block viruses and blood, and consists of a non-woven fabric, which is provided with two surfaces and has a basic weight of ≤70 g/m.sup.2; and a multi-layer breathable membrane, which is at least a three-layer co-extruded membrane. The basic weight of the multi-layer breathable membrane lies between 5˜30 g/m.sup.2 and is attached to one of the surfaces of the non-woven fabric. A powder in the multi-layer breathable membrane has a percentage by weight of 40˜60% and an extension ratio ≤300%. The present invention has characteristics including a synthetic blood permeability able to resist pressure of 2.0 psi sustainable for at least one minute, a Phi-X17 bacteriophage penetrability able to resist pressure of 2.0 psi sustainable for at least one minute, and a moisture capacity ≥1500 g/m.sup.2.Math.24 hr.

Filter media comprising non-woven fiber webs and having one or more advantageous structural properties are generally described. In some embodiments, a filter media and/or non-woven fiber web described herein has one or more properties that are both beneficial and easily obtainable by undulating the non-woven fiber web, such as by performing a creping procedure. This property may be characteristic of the procedure employed to form the undulations (e.g., creping and/or microcreping), or may be attainable via one or more methods of undulation.

Filter media comprising non-woven fiber webs and having one or more advantageous structural properties are generally described. In some embodiments, a filter media and/or non-woven fiber web described herein has one or more properties that are both beneficial and easily obtainable by undulating the non-woven fiber web, such as by performing a creping procedure. This property may be characteristic of the procedure employed to form the undulations (e.g., creping and/or microcreping), or may be attainable via one or more methods of undulation.

Fibrous structures that exhibit a novel combination of properties and to methods for making such fibrous structures are provided.

Fibrous structures that exhibit a novel combination of properties and to methods for making such fibrous structures are provided.

Fibers, fabrics, mattresses and processes of making the fibers generally include a microencapsulated phase change material; and a polymer, wherein the microencapsulated phase change material is greater than 50 percent by weight of the fiber. The process for making the fibers is a dry jet/wet spinning process free of sonication.

Fibers, fabrics, mattresses and processes of making the fibers generally include a microencapsulated phase change material; and a polymer, wherein the microencapsulated phase change material is greater than 50 percent by weight of the fiber. The process for making the fibers is a dry jet/wet spinning process free of sonication.