A spray applicator (1) for spraying a fluid onto a web (W) of material has a first group of spray nozzles (10A) arranged along a first axis (FA) and a second group of spray nozzles (11A) arranged along a second axis (SA). The first (FA) and second (SA) spray nozzle axes are arranged on the same side of a plane in which the web (W) is run. Each spray nozzle (10A, 11A) has an elongated spray opening configured to spray fluid in a direction towards the web (W). The first spray nozzle opening of the first group of spray ozzles (10A) has an inclination angle which differs from the second nozzle opening inclination angle of the second group of spray nozzles (11A).

The embodiments herein discloses a system for dyeing fabrics on-demand, comprising a flatbed mechanism for loading a substrate for dyeing; an ink feeder mechanism, consisting of at least Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black (C, M, Y, K) colors and a color combiner mechanism or color mixer to combine the inks and create a composite ink; at least two nozzle heads to deposit the composite ink on both sides of a substrate; an operator console; and a reset mechanism. The nozzle is configured to move across the entire width of a substrate from one side to the other, while the substrate rolls to aid dyeing. The nozzle dyes a single color at any given time.

The embodiments herein discloses a system for dyeing fabrics on-demand, comprising a flatbed mechanism for loading a substrate for dyeing; an ink feeder mechanism, consisting of at least Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black (C, M, Y, K) colors and a color combiner mechanism or color mixer to combine the inks and create a composite ink; at least two nozzle heads to deposit the composite ink on both sides of a substrate; an operator console; and a reset mechanism. The nozzle is configured to move across the entire width of a substrate from one side to the other, while the substrate rolls to aid dyeing. The nozzle dyes a single color at any given time.

A method for infusing an aromatic essential oil into a face covering so as to provide a prolonged olfactory benefit to the wearer of the face covering. The method of the present invention includes utilization of specific unit volumes of an essential oil, a carrier oil and a cyclodextrin wherein the aforementioned are placed into a suitable container that is located in a temperature controlled environment. The ingredients are mixed so as to initiate the emulsification process and as such encapsulation of the oil components occurs. A dry sprayer is utilized to apply a portion of the mixture onto the face covering and immediately thereafter the face covering is placed in a storage container. The carrier oil is maintained at a temperature during introduction into the mixing container. The method of the present invention provides an olfactory release for an extended period of at least 12 hours.

A method for infusing an aromatic essential oil into a face covering so as to provide a prolonged olfactory benefit to the wearer of the face covering. The method of the present invention includes utilization of specific unit volumes of an essential oil, a carrier oil and a cyclodextrin wherein the aforementioned are placed into a suitable container that is located in a temperature controlled environment. The ingredients are mixed so as to initiate the emulsification process and as such encapsulation of the oil components occurs. A dry sprayer is utilized to apply a portion of the mixture onto the face covering and immediately thereafter the face covering is placed in a storage container. The carrier oil is maintained at a temperature during introduction into the mixing container. The method of the present invention provides an olfactory release for an extended period of at least 12 hours.

Aspects herein are directed to systems, methods, and articles for producing a patterned film and using the patterned film to form a pattern of discrete overlay film structures on a substrate material. A uniform thickness of a film material is deposited on to a first surface of a run of carrier sheets, where each carrier sheet includes one or more holes extending there through. A first carrier sheet is extracted from the run of carrier sheets, and a second surface of the carrier sheet is positioned on a substrate material. Heat and/or pressure is applied to the film material to cause the film material to transfer to the substrate material through the one or more holes in the carrier sheet forming a pattern of discrete overlay film structures on the substrate material. The carrier sheet along with remaining portions of the film material is removed from the substrate material.

Aspects herein are directed to systems, methods, and articles for producing a patterned film and using the patterned film to form a pattern of discrete overlay film structures on a substrate material. A uniform thickness of a film material is deposited on to a first surface of a run of carrier sheets, where each carrier sheet includes one or more holes extending there through. A first carrier sheet is extracted from the run of carrier sheets, and a second surface of the carrier sheet is positioned on a substrate material. Heat and/or pressure is applied to the film material to cause the film material to transfer to the substrate material through the one or more holes in the carrier sheet forming a pattern of discrete overlay film structures on the substrate material. The carrier sheet along with remaining portions of the film material is removed from the substrate material.

An apparatus has one or more conveyor systems, each conveyor having a conveyor bed having a first end, and a second end opposite the first end, a conveyance mechanism configured to move material from the first end to the second end, a material inlet at the first end, a material outlet at the second end, and a waste discharge outlet, at least one liquid dispenser arranged to dispense liquid into each conveyor bed, and at least one sensor at least partially inserted into each conveyor bed, wherein the material inlet of the one or more conveyors is configured as an initial material inlet, and the material outlet of the one or more conveyors is configured as a final material outlet. A method of rinsing coir includes moving the coir through at least two conveyor beds, applying liquid to the coir as it moves through the at least two conveyors, monitoring a composition of the liquid in the conveyor beds, and automatically adjusting application of the liquid based upon the monitoring.

An apparatus has one or more conveyor systems, each conveyor having a conveyor bed having a first end, and a second end opposite the first end, a conveyance mechanism configured to move material from the first end to the second end, a material inlet at the first end, a material outlet at the second end, and a waste discharge outlet, at least one liquid dispenser arranged to dispense liquid into each conveyor bed, and at least one sensor at least partially inserted into each conveyor bed, wherein the material inlet of the one or more conveyors is configured as an initial material inlet, and the material outlet of the one or more conveyors is configured as a final material outlet. A method of rinsing coir includes moving the coir through at least two conveyor beds, applying liquid to the coir as it moves through the at least two conveyors, monitoring a composition of the liquid in the conveyor beds, and automatically adjusting application of the liquid based upon the monitoring.

A spray coating apparatus is provided, wherein a nozzle is arranged to traverse a fabric in one direction whilst simultaneously spraying and oscillating in another direction. The fabric is spray coated with a first pass having a spray zone having uneven distribution in the direction of oscillation, and particularly with a greater density of fluid coverage toward the centre of the spray zone than an edge. The nozzle forming a second and subsequent pass that is off-set from the first and each subsequent pass respectively. The second and each subsequent pass being arranged to overlap with a portion of the previous pass, thereby providing an improved distribution of the spray coating. Moreover, because the spray coating is incremental, the method is easily adaptable to integrate with an ink jet printing process.