A method for wet processing of hemp fibers for commercial use is provided. The method includes steps of loading raw hemp fibers with water into a vessel and heating the contents of the vessel. The method also includes the addition of a sequence of certain chemical compounds, which include a scouring agent, a wetting agent, a caustic compound, an acidic compound, a lubricant, and a softening agent. The water may be heated to boiling during the process to aid in opening up the fibers during processing. Peroxide is not utilized in the process. The process produces commercially viable quantities of hemp fibers that are soft, clean, and easily spinnable while maintaining fiber burst strength.

A system and a method for treating a textile material with ozone gas. The system includes: an ozone gas supply system, a hollow chamber fillable with ozone provided by said gas supply system, a textile-feeding port connected to said chamber and comprising a first liquid fillable tank, a textile-discharging port connected to said chamber and comprising a second liquid fillable tank, guide rollers, driving rollers, at least one tension compensator located inside the hollow chamber. The system is adapted for implementing the method, the latter including: using the system and providing liquid to said first and second tanks, providing ozone gas to said hollow chamber, driving the textile material to pass tensed through the system while controlling its tension using the tension compensators. The use of the tension compensators prevents the formation of ozone induced defects on the textile material.

A multifunctional continuous dyeing apparatus provided at a bottom with a main body within which are formed in a sequence, with reference to the feeding direction of the yarn, at least a first dyeing group for the yarn, provided with a respective first squeezing device of the yarn, an oxidation or diffusion/fixation group, placed downstream of the first dyeing group and arranged for the oxidation of the dyed yarn or for the diffusion/fixation of the dye in the fiber of the dyed yarn, and at least a second dyeing group of the yarn, arranged downstream of the oxidation or diffusion/fixation group and in turn provided with a respective second squeezing device of the yarn, where at least the first dyeing group, the first squeezing device, the oxidation or diffusion/fixation group and the second dyeing group are hermetically sealing enclosed by at least one covering case, integral at the top with the main body, and provided with a plurality of doors which are at least partially openable to perform the dyeing of the yarn in an environment exposed to air and which are reclosable to perform the dyeing of the yarn in an inert environment under nitrogen.

A multifunctional continuous dyeing apparatus provided at a bottom with a main body within which are formed in a sequence, with reference to the feeding direction of the yarn, at least a first dyeing group for the yarn, provided with a respective first squeezing device of the yarn, an oxidation or diffusion/fixation group, placed downstream of the first dyeing group and arranged for the oxidation of the dyed yarn or for the diffusion/fixation of the dye in the fiber of the dyed yarn, and at least a second dyeing group of the yarn, arranged downstream of the oxidation or diffusion/fixation group and in turn provided with a respective second squeezing device of the yarn, where at least the first dyeing group, the first squeezing device, the oxidation or diffusion/fixation group and the second dyeing group are hermetically sealing enclosed by at least one covering case, integral at the top with the main body, and provided with a plurality of doors which are at least partially openable to perform the dyeing of the yarn in an environment exposed to air and which are reclosable to perform the dyeing of the yarn in an inert environment under nitrogen.

An apparatus for impregnating fiber structures with a matrix material includes a lower part having a bath for receiving the matrix material and a draining unit. The draining unit includes a wiper having a wiping edge, over which the impregnated fiber structure is guided during operation, and a surface inclined in the direction of the bath, by which matrix material draining from the fiber structure can return into the bath. The draining unit includes a cover on which a deflection unit, by which the fiber structure is pressed into the bath when the cover is mounted, is mounted. When the cover is mounted, a gap is formed between the cover and the lower part on the sides by which the fiber structure is guided into the apparatus and emerges from the apparatus. A method for impregnating fiber structures with a matrix material is also disclosed.

The invention provides a method for the application of a treatment agent to a substrate, the method comprising the treatment of the pre-wetted substrate in an aqueous system comprising the solid particulate treatment agent in a closed container, the treatment being carried out at a ratio of liquor to substrate which does not exceed 2:1. Typically, the method is applied to the dyeing of textile fibres at liquor ratios of 1:1 and is carried out in the absence of additives conventionally included for the sole purpose of promoting dye uptake by controlling electrical interactions or otherwise enhancing interactions between the substrate and the treatment agent. The invention also provides a method for the removal of surplus treatment agents following application of said treatment agents to a substrate, said method comprising not more than three wash-off treatments of said substrate with water following said application. Said wash off process most particularly comprises a two-stage process comprising performing, in order, the steps of: a first wash-off of the treated substrate with water in a closed container at a ratio of water to substrate which does not exceed 5:1; and a second wash-off of the treated substrate with water in a closed container at a ratio of water to substrate which does not exceed 10:1.

The invention provides a method for the application of a treatment agent to a substrate, the method comprising the treatment of the pre-wetted substrate in an aqueous system comprising the solid particulate treatment agent in a closed container, the treatment being carried out at a ratio of liquor to substrate which does not exceed 2:1. Typically, the method is applied to the dyeing of textile fibres at liquor ratios of 1:1 and is carried out in the absence of additives conventionally included for the sole purpose of promoting dye uptake by controlling electrical interactions or otherwise enhancing interactions between the substrate and the treatment agent. The invention also provides a method for the removal of surplus treatment agents following application of said treatment agents to a substrate, said method comprising not more than three wash-off treatments of said substrate with water following said application. Said wash off process most particularly comprises a two-stage process comprising performing, in order, the steps of: a first wash-off of the treated substrate with water in a closed container at a ratio of water to substrate which does not exceed 5:1; and a second wash-off of the treated substrate with water in a closed container at a ratio of water to substrate which does not exceed 10:1.

Substrates are coated with a curable composition that includes at least one free radical polymerizable monomer and a heat-activated polymerization initiator. The coating is applied to the substrate and cured thereon to produce the coating. Curing is performed by purging molecular air from the vessel containing the substrate, pressuring with an oxygen-deficient gas and then curing the fabric in the oxygen-deficient gas at elevated pressure and temperature.

System and methods that enables fabric to be metalized and dyed to reach final colors that were previously unobtainable. The systems and methods relate to processes for controlling the color of metalized fabrics. Specifically, for some embodiments, the systems and methods relate to methods of making metalized fabrics that are lighter in color than prior metalized fabrics. Such fabrics may be printed on or dyed using lighter colors than would be possible when using prior metalized fabrics. The systems and methods herein may include dye baths and wash baths that are hotter than prior art processes.

Substrates are coated with a curable composition that includes at least one free radical polymerizable monomer and a heat-activated polymerization initiator. The coating is applied to the substrate and cured thereon to produce the coating. Curing is performed by purging molecular air from the vessel containing the substrate, pressuring with an oxygen-deficient gas and then curing the fabric in the oxygen-deficient gas at elevated pressure and temperature.