Hybrid carbon nanofiber (Cnf) products (e.g., mats, yarns, webs, etc.) and methods of fabricating the same are provided. The hybrid Cnf products are flexible and lightweight and have high thermal conductivity. An electrospinning process can be used to fabricate the hybrid Cnf products and can include preparation of an electrospinning solution, electrospinning, and carbonization (e.g., under a vacuum condition).

A problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a new form of adsorbent suitable for a motor vehicle canister. An activated carbon fiber sheet satisfies one or two or more of conditions for indices, such as a specific surface area, a pore volume of pores having a given pore diameter, and a sheet density. An embodiment, for example, may have: a specific surface area ranging from 1400 to 2300 m.sup.2/g; a pore volume ranging from 0.20 to 0.70 cm.sup.3/g for pores having pore diameters of more than 0.7 nm and 2.0 nm or less; an abundance ratio R.sub.0.7/2.0, which is a ratio of a pore volume of micropores having pore diameters of 0.7 nm or less occupied in a pore volume of micropores having pore diameters of 2.0 nm or less, ranging from 5% to less than 25%, and a sheet density ranging from 0.030 to 0.200 g/cm.sup.3.

A problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a new form of adsorbent suitable for a motor vehicle canister. An activated carbon fiber sheet satisfies one or two or more of conditions for indices, such as a specific surface area, a pore volume of pores having a given pore diameter, and a sheet density. An embodiment, for example, may have: a specific surface area ranging from 1400 to 2300 m.sup.2/g; a pore volume ranging from 0.20 to 0.70 cm.sup.3/g for pores having pore diameters of more than 0.7 nm and 2.0 nm or less; an abundance ratio R.sub.0.7/2.0, which is a ratio of a pore volume of micropores having pore diameters of 0.7 nm or less occupied in a pore volume of micropores having pore diameters of 2.0 nm or less, ranging from 5% to less than 25%, and a sheet density ranging from 0.030 to 0.200 g/cm.sup.3.

The invention relates to a bath and to a method of treating endless fibers, filaments or fabric webs, especially for electrolysis or for cleaning, comprising a bath container (4), which is at least partly filled with a processing fluid, and means for introducing the endless fibers, filaments or fabric webs, characterized in that the means are arranged in such a way that the endless fibers, filaments or fabric web are conducted in a V-shape through the bath.

The invention relates to a bath and to a method of treating endless fibers, filaments or fabric webs, especially for electrolysis or for cleaning, comprising a bath container (4), which is at least partly filled with a processing fluid, and means for introducing the endless fibers, filaments or fabric webs, characterized in that the means are arranged in such a way that the endless fibers, filaments or fabric web are conducted in a V-shape through the bath.

An object is to provide an adsorbent using activated carbon fiber, the adsorbent being suitable for motor vehicle canisters and enabling reduction in pressure loss. An activated carbon fiber sheet for a motor vehicle canister fulfils the following conditions (1) to (4). (1) The sheet has a specific surface area ranging from 1100 to 2300 m.sup.2/g. (2) The sheet has a density ranging from 0.010 to 0.200 g/cm.sup.3 or less. (3) The sheet has a thickness ranging from 0.1 to 100.00 mm. (4) The sheet has a fiber size of 13.0 m or larger.

An object is to provide an adsorbent using activated carbon fiber, the adsorbent being suitable for motor vehicle canisters and enabling reduction in pressure loss. An activated carbon fiber sheet for a motor vehicle canister fulfils the following conditions (1) to (4). (1) The sheet has a specific surface area ranging from 1100 to 2300 m.sup.2/g. (2) The sheet has a density ranging from 0.010 to 0.200 g/cm.sup.3 or less. (3) The sheet has a thickness ranging from 0.1 to 100.00 mm. (4) The sheet has a fiber size of 13.0 m or larger.

Hybrid carbon nanofiber (Cnf) products (e.g., mats, yarns, webs, etc.) and methods of fabricating the same are provided. The hybrid Cnf products are flexible and lightweight and have high thermal conductivity. An electrospinning process can be used to fabricate the hybrid Cnf products and can include preparation of an electrospinning solution, electrospinning, and carbonization (e.g., under a vacuum condition).

Hybrid carbon nanofiber (Cnf) products (e.g., mats, yarns, webs, etc.) and methods of fabricating the same are provided. The hybrid Cnf products are flexible and lightweight and have high thermal conductivity. An electrospinning process can be used to fabricate the hybrid Cnf products and can include preparation of an electrospinning solution, electrospinning, and carbonization (e.g., under a vacuum condition).

The present invention relates to a method for producing a gas diffusion layer, wherein nonwovens made of carbon fibers or carbon fiber precursors are subjected to entanglement with water-containing fluid jets of a certain water quality. The invention also relates to the gas diffusion layer obtainable according to the method and to a fuel cell that contains such a gas diffusion layer.