A three-dimensional substrate has a first surface, a second surface, land areas and comprises three-dimensional protrusions extending outward from the second surface of the three-dimensional substrate. The three-dimensional protrusions are surrounded by the land areas. The three-dimensional substrate is a laminate comprising at least two layers in a face to face relationship. The second layer comprise a tissue layer facing outward from the second surface of the three-dimensional substrate. The tissue layer comprises at least 80% pulp fibers by weight of the tissue layer.

Provided is a cellulose fiber nonwoven fabric with compacted parts that is beautiful even when dry. The cellulose fiber nonwoven fabric is characterized in that: the fabric has compacted parts; the percentage of recesses due to the compacting is 9-25%; the transverse rupture strength is at least 15 N; the transmittance of the compacted parts when dry is 3-25%; and the fabric weight is 30 g/m.sup.2 to 110 g/m.sup.2.

Provided is a cellulose fiber nonwoven fabric with compacted parts that is beautiful even when dry. The cellulose fiber nonwoven fabric is characterized in that: the fabric has compacted parts; the percentage of recesses due to the compacting is 9-25%; the transverse rupture strength is at least 15 N; the transmittance of the compacted parts when dry is 3-25%; and the fabric weight is 30 g/m.sup.2 to 110 g/m.sup.2.

A crepe process includes applying an adhesive composition to a nonwoven web, drying, and creping the nonwoven web on a creping drum. The improvement includes using an adhesive composition that includes an aqueous copolymer dispersion obtained by emulsion polymerization of a monomer mixture including 65 to 94.5% by weight of vinyl acetate, 5 to 30% by weight of ethylene, (meth)acrylamide, and 0.1 to 4% by weight of an N-methylol functional monomer. The N-methylol functional monomer constitutes from 25 to 85% by weight of the combined amounts of acrylamide and N-methylol functional monomer, which combined amounts constitute from 0.5 to 5% by weight of the monomer mixture. The emulsion polymerization is performed in the presence of 1 to 10% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, based on the total weight of all monomers used for the polymerization. The adhesive composition does not include alkylphenol ethoxylates, phosphate ester surfactants, or sodium laureth sulfate.

A crepe process includes applying an adhesive composition to a nonwoven web, drying, and creping the nonwoven web on a creping drum. The improvement includes using an adhesive composition that includes an aqueous copolymer dispersion obtained by emulsion polymerization of a monomer mixture including 65 to 94.5% by weight of vinyl acetate, 5 to 30% by weight of ethylene, (meth)acrylamide, and 0.1 to 4% by weight of an N-methylol functional monomer. The N-methylol functional monomer constitutes from 25 to 85% by weight of the combined amounts of acrylamide and N-methylol functional monomer, which combined amounts constitute from 0.5 to 5% by weight of the monomer mixture. The emulsion polymerization is performed in the presence of 1 to 10% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, based on the total weight of all monomers used for the polymerization. The adhesive composition does not include alkylphenol ethoxylates, phosphate ester surfactants, or sodium laureth sulfate.

A fabric made of yarns interlooping with each other or passing through an inner layer at looping intervals. The fabric is embossed with a micro-pattern extending into the yarns or into a layer underneath the fabric. The micro-pattern contains a pre-defined pattern of a plurality of binding points attaching the yarns to the inner layer or to the added underlayer. This micro-pattern has an inter-point spacing between adjacent binding points that is less than the interlooping intervals. The fabric can also be embossed with a macro-pattern separate from and coarser than the micro-pattern. The macro-pattern establishes a desired aesthetic in the fabric, and the micro-pattern does not interfere with the desired aesthetic.

A fabric made of yarns interlooping with each other or passing through an inner layer at looping intervals. The fabric is embossed with a micro-pattern extending into the yarns or into a layer underneath the fabric. The micro-pattern contains a pre-defined pattern of a plurality of binding points attaching the yarns to the inner layer or to the added underlayer. This micro-pattern has an inter-point spacing between adjacent binding points that is less than the interlooping intervals. The fabric can also be embossed with a macro-pattern separate from and coarser than the micro-pattern. The macro-pattern establishes a desired aesthetic in the fabric, and the micro-pattern does not interfere with the desired aesthetic.

A method for efficiently obtaining a raised sheet as a sheet for cleaning that has raised cleaning portions and effectively collects dust is described. Manufacturing a raised sheet can include stacking a base material sheet and fiber aggregate, applying a load to fibers of the fiber aggregate under an unheated state, forming joining portions by partially joining the fiber aggregate and the base material sheet, forming a fiber bundle joined to the base material sheet in the joining portions by cutting the fiber aggregate at portions where the fiber aggregate and the base material sheet are not joined, and raising fibers by injecting fluid to the fiber bundle.

The present invention relates to a cleanable 3D filter medium, a method for manufacturing said filter and the use of the filter.

The filter medium according to the present invention comprises at least one textile layer being a non-woven of synthetic, organic polymer fibers. The nonwoven having an embossed pattern in which the nonwoven having at the non-embossed area a thickness D and at the embossed area a thickness d and the ratio d/D is the compression factor CF, said compression factor CF being in the range 0.2FC0.5.

The filter medium according to the present invention can be cleaned and are used in filter systems for air/gas and liquid filtration, particularly in the motor vehicle industry, in air conditioning systems, passenger compartment filters, pollen filters, clean room filters, domestic filters, and as oil filters and hydraulic filters, thus removing solids from air/gas and liquids.

A method based on a hot press technique is used to apply a permanent pattern onto a plush synthetic fabric having a pile. The method generally involves mounting one or more top plates and one or more bottom plates onto a hot press machine, where at least one of the top or bottom plates has a raised relief pattern on its surface. The temperature of the plates is set to at least 180 C. and the top and bottom plates are then pressed together against opposite sides of a plush synthetic fabric having a pile on at least one side, the raised relief pattern engaging the side of the fabric having the pile such that the pattern of the relief is imprinted into the pile.