A synthetic resin skin material and a manufacturing method thereof, the synthetic resin skin material including, in this order: a base fabric; a thermoplastic resin layer having a storage elastic modulus at 160? C. of 2,000,000 Pa or less measured in accordance with JIS K 7244 (1998); and a skin layer containing a urethane resin, wherein the synthetic resin skin material has recesses at a side of the skin layer, the recesses having a depth, in a thickness direction of the synthetic resin skin material, that extends from the skin layer as far as an inner part of the thermoplastic resin layer, past a boundary that is present between the skin layer and the thermoplastic resin layer at a non-recessed region.

A synthetic resin skin material and a manufacturing method thereof, the synthetic resin skin material including, in this order: a base fabric; a thermoplastic resin layer having a storage elastic modulus at 160? C. of 2,000,000 Pa or less measured in accordance with JIS K 7244 (1998); and a skin layer containing a urethane resin, wherein the synthetic resin skin material has recesses at a side of the skin layer, the recesses having a depth, in a thickness direction of the synthetic resin skin material, that extends from the skin layer as far as an inner part of the thermoplastic resin layer, past a boundary that is present between the skin layer and the thermoplastic resin layer at a non-recessed region.

The present invention relates generally to a pillow or cushion having embossing and/or debossing elements, apparatus, system, and a method thereof. More particularly, the invention encompasses an apparatus and a method to create fabric cushion or pillow that can have embossing or debossing or a combination of embossing and debossing on them. The invention further comprises of embossed and/or debossed cushion or pillow, with or without cushion filler or insert. These inventive cushion or pillow can be used for both indoor and outdoor purposes. The cushion or pillow sizes can be standard sizes, but they can also be custom sized for any measurement. Embossing and/or debossing are the processes of creating either raised or recessed relief, image, or design in emboss-able/deboss-able materials. For example, an embossed pattern would be raised against a background, while a debossed pattern would be sunken into the surface of the material.

The present invention relates generally to a pillow or cushion having embossing and/or debossing elements, apparatus, system, and a method thereof. More particularly, the invention encompasses an apparatus and a method to create fabric cushion or pillow that can have embossing or debossing or a combination of embossing and debossing on them. The invention further comprises of embossed and/or debossed cushion or pillow, with or without cushion filler or insert. These inventive cushion or pillow can be used for both indoor and outdoor purposes. The cushion or pillow sizes can be standard sizes, but they can also be custom sized for any measurement. Embossing and/or debossing are the processes of creating either raised or recessed relief, image, or design in emboss-able/deboss-able materials. For example, an embossed pattern would be raised against a background, while a debossed pattern would be sunken into the surface of the material.

Calender for treating web materials, comprising a structure for supporting two heated rollers forming a nip, wherein each roller has surface reliefs (RR) and in an operational setting of the calender the reliefs of one roller are radially opposed to those of the other roller, each roller rotates with a predetermined angular speed around its axis, the rollers are heated by heating means, and each roller undergoes an axial elongation as a consequence of its heating. The calender comprises detection means (E1, E2; IS) adapted to detect the axial elongation of each roller and a programmable control unit (UCP) connected to the detection means and to the heating means. The control unit is programmed to determine the difference between the axial elongations of the rollers and emitting an alarm signal if the absolute value of this difference is greater than a limit value.

Calender for treating web materials, comprising a structure for supporting two heated rollers forming a nip, wherein each roller has surface reliefs (RR) and in an operational setting of the calender the reliefs of one roller are radially opposed to those of the other roller, each roller rotates with a predetermined angular speed around its axis, the rollers are heated by heating means, and each roller undergoes an axial elongation as a consequence of its heating. The calender comprises detection means (E1, E2; IS) adapted to detect the axial elongation of each roller and a programmable control unit (UCP) connected to the detection means and to the heating means. The control unit is programmed to determine the difference between the axial elongations of the rollers and emitting an alarm signal if the absolute value of this difference is greater than a limit value.

A ribbing process, particularly for providing leather coverings, includes the steps of applying a covering material on a template that includes longitudinally extended seats, inserting longitudinally extended forming rods in the seats of the template, and making the covering material adhere to the template and providing seats in the covering material. The ribbing process also includes hot pressing a first assembly that includes the template, the covering material, and the forming rods, thermoforming the covering material, and removing the forming rods from the first assembly.

A ribbing process, particularly for providing leather coverings, includes the steps of applying a covering material on a template that includes longitudinally extended seats, inserting longitudinally extended forming rods in the seats of the template, and making the covering material adhere to the template and providing seats in the covering material. The ribbing process also includes hot pressing a first assembly that includes the template, the covering material, and the forming rods, thermoforming the covering material, and removing the forming rods from the first assembly.

An apparatus and method for embossing a substrate are disclosed. For example, the apparatus includes an embossing platform, a printhead to dispense ink on the embossing platform in a desired raised pattern on the embossing platform, a press to apply a load against a substrate placed on the desired raised pattern and the embossing platform to emboss the desired raised pattern onto the substrate, and an ink removal device to remove the ink that is dispensed on the embossing platform in the desired raised pattern.

An apparatus and method for embossing a substrate are disclosed. For example, the apparatus includes an embossing platform, a printhead to dispense ink on the embossing platform in a desired raised pattern on the embossing platform, a press to apply a load against a substrate placed on the desired raised pattern and the embossing platform to emboss the desired raised pattern onto the substrate, and an ink removal device to remove the ink that is dispensed on the embossing platform in the desired raised pattern.