A carbon fiber manufacturing method is provided. A carbon fiber precursor fiber bundle is performed with a high-temperature carbonization step to form a carbon fiber, and then the carbon fiber is performed with a plasma surface treatment so that the surface of the carbon fiber is formed with a plasma-modified configuration which is relatively rougher. Finally, the surface of the carbon fiber is coated with a resin oiling agent to obtain the carbon fiber having the resin oiling agent thereon. Particularly, through a plasma surface treatment step, the surface of the carbon fiber is roughened and provided with functional groups, which is beneficial to enhance the interface bonding of the resin oiling agent and the carbon fiber. The structure of the carbon fiber is more stable and reliable. The cost of the carbon fiber production equipment and the working time can be reduced effectively.

The disclosure provides a composition comprising a modified cellulosic surface having aliphatic fatty acid molecules and amine-silica particles that are covalently bonded to cellulose fibers of the cellulosic surface. Also disclosed is a composition comprising a modified cellulosic surface including low surface energy molecules and amine functionalized nanotubes decorated with silica nanoparticles that are covalently bonded to cellulose fibers of the cellulosic surface. Also disclosed is a process for increasing hydrophobicity of a cellulosic surface. Also disclosed is a process for increasing hydrophobicity and surface roughness of a cellulosic surface,. Also disclosed are products comprising the compositions and modified cellulosic surfaces of the present invention.

A smokeless tobacco product for insertion into the mouth of a user is provided herein. The smokeless tobacco product can be prepared by impregnating a tobacco-containing nonwoven fabric with a second tobacco material, e.g., using at least one alternating electric field. The obtained impregnated tobacco-containing fabric is subsequently bonded to form a composite, which can be further modified in order to obtain desired properties such as moisture content and flavor profile.

A method for preparing medium- and high-modulus large tow carbon fibers includes performing in-phase microwave heating on low-modulus large tow carbon fibers, and regulating and controlling a surface current density of the carbon fibers in the range of 60-330 A/m to rapidly reach graphitization temperature of the carbon fibers, thereby completing a uniform and rapid graphitization process. The medium- and high-modulus large tow carbon fibers obtained by the preparation method of the present application can have a tensile modulus reaching 300-600 GPa, and a tensile strength maintained to be 3.5-5.0 GPa, and a dispersion of the tensile modulus of the carbon fibers is less than 1.5%.

Described herein are modification of fabrics using a microwave initiation technique to produce a porous coating on the fibers providing adsorbent properties as well as the potential for further modification. In embodiments, the fabric incorporates a periodic mesoporous organosilica compound (PMO) optionally bound to a porphyrin or other functional group, and/or a catalyst or optical indicator.

A method for manufacturing metal oxide-grown carbon fibers including immersing carbon fibers in a solution for forming a metal oxide seed layer and electrodepositing a metal oxide seed on the surfaces of carbon fibers, or irradiating microwave thereto to form a metal oxide seed layer, and irradiating microwave to the metal oxide seed layer-formed carbon fibers to grow metal oxide. The method for manufacturing metal oxide-grown carbon fibers can reduce process time, and improve process energy efficiency and production efficiency. The method for manufacturing metal oxide-grown carbon fibers can offer metal oxide-grown carbon fibers with improved interfacial shear stress.

Porphyrin-modified antimicrobial peptides as described here may be used as indicators of the presence of microbial targets. Their application may be as (for example) (1) fluorescent indicators in a microarray format, (2) fluorescence or absorbance based indicators in traditional solution based applications, or (3) reflectance based indicators for use in reagent-less detection platforms.

A method of doping a substrate with dielectric dopant particles. The substrate, comprising an organic polymer, is exposed to a first layer comprising a first plurality of dielectric dopant particles. The organic polymer has a thermal conductivity that is less than 5 Wm.sup.1K.sup.1 and a lossiness that is less than a lossiness of the first plurality of dielectric dopant particles. The substrate and first layer are irradiated by an energy source operating at an operating frequency. During the irradiation, the first plurality of dielectric dopant particles of the first layer diffuses into the organic polymer of the substrate. Irradiation continues for a first desired time to achieve a first desired depth of penetration of the first plurality of dielectric dopant particles into the organic polymer.

This is a process for treating fibres of vegetable origin, comprising the following steps: heating the vegetable fibres by means of a radiofrequency heating oven into which an air flow previously treated with cold plasma is introduced; subjecting the vegetable fibres to a high vacuum treatment; impregnating the vegetable fibres with CO.sub.2; mixing the vegetable fibres with a binding agent. The invention also relates to the use of the treated vegetable fibres obtained by said process.

A method for coating at least one fibre with a boron nitride interphase, includes treating the at least one fibre with a treatment medium containing ammonia borane and having a temperature of 100 C. or higher and a pressure of 1 bar or higher.