Fabrics, such as employed in air filters, facemasks, garments, or PPE, are coated with pathogen-binding agents, such as chemicals that bind to protein-encapsulated airborne pathogens. Some of these pathogen-binding agents include multifunctional chemicals that bind to the fabrics and to exposed proteins and/or glycans on the pathogens. Some of these pathogen-binding agents include multifunctional silanes. Some of these pathogen-binding agents include multifunctional phosphanes or phosphonates.

Fabrics, such as employed in air filters, facemasks, garments, or PPE, are coated with pathogen-binding agents, such as chemicals that bind to protein-encapsulated airborne pathogens. Some of these pathogen-binding agents include multifunctional chemicals that bind to the fabrics and to exposed proteins and/or glycans on the pathogens. Some of these pathogen-binding agents include multifunctional silanes. Some of these pathogen-binding agents include multifunctional phosphanes or phosphonates.

A high performance fabric comprised of a plurality of high-performance fibers coated with an anti-microbial compound and an anti-stain compound, where the high-performance fibers are polyester microfibers for comfort. The anti-microbial compound is a wash resistant non-organic antibacterial or a non-organic microbicidal. The anti-stain compound is hydrophobic or superhydrophobic, preferably polytetrafluoroethylene or silicone. Optionally, additional flame resistant fibers are interwoven with the high-performance fibers to increase flame resistance.

The present disclosure relates to patterned photonic crystals. Provided photonic crystals are large scale silk inverse opals with tunable, geometrically defined structural color. Provided photonic crystals exhibit structural color or a photonic band gap (PBG). Provided photonic crystals are is found to be highly sensitive to water vapor and UV irradiation. Provided multicolored photonic macro- or micro-patterns are shown by selectively applying water vapor or UV irradiation through a shadow mask. The present disclosure also provides methods for making and using the same.

The present disclosure relates to patterned photonic crystals. Provided photonic crystals are large scale silk inverse opals with tunable, geometrically defined structural color. Provided photonic crystals exhibit structural color or a photonic band gap (PBG). Provided photonic crystals are is found to be highly sensitive to water vapor and UV irradiation. Provided multicolored photonic macro- or micro-patterns are shown by selectively applying water vapor or UV irradiation through a shadow mask. The present disclosure also provides methods for making and using the same.

Articles that are oleophobic and/or hydrophobic, as well as associated methods, are generally provided. In some embodiments, articles described herein do not comprise fluorinated polymers. Articles described herein may comprise nanostructures that contribute to their hydrophobicity and/or their oleophobicity. Articles described herein may have high wash resistance.

Articles that are oleophobic and/or hydrophobic, as well as associated methods, are generally provided. In some embodiments, articles described herein do not comprise fluorinated polymers. Articles described herein may comprise nanostructures that contribute to their hydrophobicity and/or their oleophobicity. Articles described herein may have high wash resistance.