Disclosed is a method for conferring durable water repellence to woven or non-woven fabric, comprising the steps of: (1) treating the fabric with an aqueous composition, the composition comprising (a) an aqueous solvent comprising at least 80 w/w % water, and 20 w/w % or less of a water miscible organic solvent comprising at least two functional OH groups, and (b) 0.1-40 w/w % of an acrylic ester having the formula 1: wherein A.sup.1 is H or CH.sub.3, and A.sup.2 is C.sub.1-C.sub.30 linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon that may have an alicyclic or aromatic ring, the acrylic ester being dissolved, emulsified or dispersed in the aqueous solvent, (2) heating the treated fabric to 120-200? C. Further such a composition and fabric treated with such a composition are disclosed.

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Disclosed is a method for conferring durable water repellence to woven or non-woven fabric, comprising the steps of: (1) treating the fabric with an aqueous composition, the composition comprising (a) an aqueous solvent comprising at least 80 w/w % water, and 20 w/w % or less of a water miscible organic solvent comprising at least two functional OH groups, and (b) 0.1-40 w/w % of an acrylic ester having the formula 1: wherein A.sup.1 is H or CH.sub.3, and A.sup.2 is C.sub.1-C.sub.30 linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon that may have an alicyclic or aromatic ring, the acrylic ester being dissolved, emulsified or dispersed in the aqueous solvent, (2) heating the treated fabric to 120-200? C. Further such a composition and fabric treated with such a composition are disclosed.

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Provided is process for producing a surface-metalized fiber, yarn, or fabric, the process comprising: (a) Feeding a continuous fiber, yarn, or fabric from a feeder roller into a graphene deposition chamber containing therein a graphene dispersion comprising multiple graphene sheets and an optional conducive filler dispersed in a first liquid medium and an optional adhesive resin dissolved in the first liquid medium; (b) Operating the graphene deposition chamber to deposit the graphene sheets and optional conductive filler to a surface of the fiber, yarn, or fabric for forming a graphene-coated fiber, yarn, or fabric; (c) Moving the graphene-coated fiber, yarn, or fabric into a metallization chamber which accommodates a plating solution therein for plating a layer of a desired metal onto the graphene-coated fiber, yarn, or fabric to obtain a surface-metalized fiber, yarn, or fabric; and (d) Operating a winding roller to collect the surface-metalized fiber, yarn, or fabric.

Provided is process for producing a surface-metalized fiber, yarn, or fabric, the process comprising: (a) Feeding a continuous fiber, yarn, or fabric from a feeder roller into a graphene deposition chamber containing therein a graphene dispersion comprising multiple graphene sheets and an optional conducive filler dispersed in a first liquid medium and an optional adhesive resin dissolved in the first liquid medium; (b) Operating the graphene deposition chamber to deposit the graphene sheets and optional conductive filler to a surface of the fiber, yarn, or fabric for forming a graphene-coated fiber, yarn, or fabric; (c) Moving the graphene-coated fiber, yarn, or fabric into a metallization chamber which accommodates a plating solution therein for plating a layer of a desired metal onto the graphene-coated fiber, yarn, or fabric to obtain a surface-metalized fiber, yarn, or fabric; and (d) Operating a winding roller to collect the surface-metalized fiber, yarn, or fabric.

The present disclosure provides compositions including a carbon fiber material comprising one or more of dibromocyclopropyl or polysilazane disposed thereon; and a thermosetting polymer or a thermoplastic polymer. The present disclosure further provides metal substrates including a composition of the present disclosure disposed thereon. The present disclosure further provides vehicle components including a metal substrate of the present disclosure. The present disclosure further provides methods for manufacturing a vehicle component, including contacting a carbon fiber material with a polysilazane or a dibromocarbene to form a coated carbon fiber material; and mixing the coated carbon fiber material with a thermosetting polymer or a thermoplastic polymer to form a composition. Methods can further include depositing a composition of the present disclosure onto a metal substrate.

Provided is a method for manufacturing a fabric having excellent stain resistance and flame retardancy. The method of manufacturing a fabric of the present invention includes the steps of (a) immersing a polyester fabric in a treatment liquid containing a first fluorine-based water-and-oil repellent agent to incorporate the treatment liquid thereinto, followed by drying the fabric; (b) coating one surface of the fabric with a coating composition containing a second fluorine-based water-and-oil repellent agent and a flame retardant; and (c) cleaning the fabric having the coating layer formed thereon with hot water of 65 C. to 90 C.

Provided is a method for manufacturing a fabric having excellent stain resistance and flame retardancy. The method of manufacturing a fabric of the present invention includes the steps of (a) immersing a polyester fabric in a treatment liquid containing a first fluorine-based water-and-oil repellent agent to incorporate the treatment liquid thereinto, followed by drying the fabric; (b) coating one surface of the fabric with a coating composition containing a second fluorine-based water-and-oil repellent agent and a flame retardant; and (c) cleaning the fabric having the coating layer formed thereon with hot water of 65 C. to 90 C.

Methods for treating a garment include: prewashing the garment; drying the garment in a first drying process; spraying a functional chemical onto the dried garment; and applying a curing treatment to the garment to cure the functional chemical. The method may further include drying the garment in a second drying process after spraying the functional chemical onto the garment.

An electret is disclosed including: a carrier, and polytetrafluoroethylene having a melting point of 35 C. or higher and 320 C. or lower deposited on the carrier, wherein the electret imparts an electrostatic charge to at least one of the carrier and the polytetrafluoroethylene, and has two or more melting point peaks in simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. An electret filter is disclosed which preferably is used for a filter which requires durability to tobacco smoke. An electret filter is also disclosed having a fluorine-containing component deposited on a fiber surface, wherein an initial QF value is 0.5 mmAq.sup.1 or more in collection efficiency of particles having a particle diameter of 0.3 to 0.5 m at a wind speed of 5 cm/s, and a filter deterioration rate by tobacco smoke loading is 8/(g/m.sup.2) or more.

Flame retardant covers for mattress and flame retardant mattresses are provided. At least a portion of the fibers, yarns or the fabric of the covers is treated with a blend comprising a flame retardant compound such as ammonium phosphate. The covers do not further require any flame barrier element such as fiberglass or silica-loaded rayon. The mattresses provided herein fully comply with the federal mattress flammability standards of 16 C.F.R. 1632 and 1633.