A process of fabricating the composition coating may include selecting a textile material substrate, utilizing a sol-gel comprising a silane or silane derivative and metal oxide precursor to coat the substrate, and optionally coating the substrate with a hydrophobic chemical agent and/or other chemical agents to create a surface with nanoscopic or microscopic features. The process may utilize an all solution process or controlled environment for fabricating a composition coating that prevent wetting or staining of a substrate. The composition coatings for treating textile materials improve soil-resistance and stain-resistance of the textile materials. The composition coatings and their use for treating textile materials can also impart water repellency, oil repellency, ease of cleaning stains and removing particulates. In addition, the composite solution may impart additional properties such as physical strength to the textile whilst retaining the original appearance.

A wet treatment process, the process comprising: adding an article comprising a polymer and an initial zinc content to a wash solution comprising solute and a wash solution zinc content; maintaining the article in the wash solution for a wash time greater than 10 seconds to yield a washed article comprising a washed zinc content; wherein the washed zinc content is greater than the initial zinc content; and wherein the washed article demonstrates a Klebsiella pneumonia log reduction greater than 0.90, as determined via ISO20743:2013 and/or an Escherichia coli log reduction greater than 1.5, as determined via ASTM E3160 (2018).

A wet treatment process, the process comprising: adding an article comprising a polymer and an initial zinc content to a wash solution comprising solute and a wash solution zinc content; maintaining the article in the wash solution for a wash time greater than 10 seconds to yield a washed article comprising a washed zinc content; wherein the washed zinc content is greater than the initial zinc content; and wherein the washed article demonstrates a Klebsiella pneumonia log reduction greater than 0.90, as determined via ISO20743:2013 and/or an Escherichia coli log reduction greater than 1.5, as determined via ASTM E3160 (2018).

A process of fabricating the waterproof coating may include selecting a textile material substrate, utilizing a sol-gel comprising a silane or silane derivative and metal oxide precursor to coat the substrate, and optionally coating the substrate with a hydrophobic chemical agent and/or other chemical agents to create a surface with nanoscopic or microscopic features. The process may utilize an all solution process or controlled environment for fabricating a fluorine-free waterproof coating that prevent wetting or staining of a substrate, or may utilize a controlled environment. The composition coatings for treating textile materials improve soil-resistance and stain-resistance of the textile materials while the compositions contain no fluorine-based chemicals. In addition, the composite solution may impart additional properties such as physical strength to the textile whilst retaining the original appearance.

A process of fabricating the waterproof coating may include selecting a textile material substrate, utilizing a sol-gel comprising a silane or silane derivative and metal oxide precursor to coat the substrate, and optionally coating the substrate with a hydrophobic chemical agent and/or other chemical agents to create a surface with nanoscopic or microscopic features. The process may utilize an all solution process or controlled environment for fabricating a fluorine-free waterproof coating that prevent wetting or staining of a substrate, or may utilize a controlled environment. The composition coatings for treating textile materials improve soil-resistance and stain-resistance of the textile materials while the compositions contain no fluorine-based chemicals. In addition, the composite solution may impart additional properties such as physical strength to the textile whilst retaining the original appearance.

The aim is to reduce the wrinkling tendency of a cotton textile or otherwise cellulosic textile. This was achieved by bringing the textile into contact with an amino-group-containing polymer having carboxylic-acid-group-bearing substituents and optionally subsequently ironing the textile.

The aim is to reduce the wrinkling tendency of a cotton textile or otherwise cellulosic textile. This was achieved by bringing the textile into contact with an amino-group-containing polymer having carboxylic-acid-group-bearing substituents and optionally subsequently ironing the textile.

The present invention provides a process for preparing a pre-treated low Dk-type glass fabric for constituting a circuit board, comprising pre-treating low Dk-type glass fabric with a pre-treating varnish having a Dk close to the Dk of the used low Dk-type glass fabric at different temperatures and having a small Df. The present invention further provides a bonding sheet and a circuit board prepared thereby. The circuit boards prepared by the preparation process of the present invention have a Dk having small differences in warp and weft directions, and can effectively solve the problem of signal propagation delay. The circuit boards have a small Df, so as to have a small signal loss. Meanwhile, the cured, partially-cured or uncured dry glue obtained after drying the solvent of the pre-treating varnish has similar dielectric properties at different temperatures to the used low Dk-type glass fabric, so that the circuit boards have a very small signal propagation delay at different temperatures.

The present invention provides a process for preparing a pre-treated low Dk-type glass fabric for constituting a circuit board, comprising pre-treating low Dk-type glass fabric with a pre-treating varnish having a Dk close to the Dk of the used low Dk-type glass fabric at different temperatures and having a small Df. The present invention further provides a bonding sheet and a circuit board prepared thereby. The circuit boards prepared by the preparation process of the present invention have a Dk having small differences in warp and weft directions, and can effectively solve the problem of signal propagation delay. The circuit boards have a small Df, so as to have a small signal loss. Meanwhile, the cured, partially-cured or uncured dry glue obtained after drying the solvent of the pre-treating varnish has similar dielectric properties at different temperatures to the used low Dk-type glass fabric, so that the circuit boards have a very small signal propagation delay at different temperatures.

Expanded, nanofiber structures are provided as well as methods of use thereof and methods of making.